Recently an antibiotic resistant bacteria was isolated that is resistant to all 24 antiobiotics approved for human use in the United States?

Recently an antibiotic resistant bacteria was isolated that is resistant to all 24 antiobiotics approved for human use in the United States? A) True B)...

Currently How many new antibiotics are being developed by drug companies?

Currently How many new antibiotics are being developed by drug companies? A) 1,000,000's B) 10,000's C) 1,000's D) 100's E) 0 Answer: E)...

How many people die from foodborne Salmonella disease annually in the United States?

How many people die from foodborne Salmonella disease annually in the United States? A) None B) ~40 C) ~400 D) ~4,000 E) ~400,000 Answer: C)...

A foodborne disease that requires growth of the pathogenic organism in the host is called a foodborne _____?

A foodborne disease that requires growth of the pathogenic organism in the host is called a foodborne _____? A) Inebriation B) Intoxication C) Infection D)...

Which of the following sugars/sweeteners lead to dental caries (cavities)?

Which of the following sugars/sweeteners lead to dental caries (cavities)? A) Sorbitol B) Aspartame C) Sucrose D) Saccharin Answer: C) Suc...

Which of these groups of etiological agents cause the most deaths per year in the United States?

Which of these groups of etiological agents cause the most deaths per year in the United States? A) Viruses B) Bacteria C) Parasitic Answer: B)...

Which of these groups of etiological agents cause the most Illnesses per year in the United States?

Which of these groups of etiological agents cause the most Illnesses per year in the United States? A) Viruses B) Bacteria C) Parasitic Answer: A)...

Which of these food borne diseases have drastically declined over the past 50 years

Which of these food borne diseases have drastically declined over the past 50 years A) Typhoid fever B) Salmonellosis Answer: A) Typhoid f...

This stage of a disease means you show mild signs or symptoms.

This stage of a disease means you show mild signs or symptoms. A) Incubation period B) Prodromal period C) Illness period D) Decline period Answer: B)...

This bacteria, when plated onto Mannitol Salt Agar, will result in yellow colonies with yellow zones.

This bacteria, when plated onto Mannitol Salt Agar, will result in yellow colonies with yellow zones. A) Escherichia coli B) Staphylococcus epidermidis C)...

Making up about only 6% of nosocomial infections, this type means that bacteria is present in the blood, but is not currently growing.

Making up about only 6% of nosocomial infections, this type means that bacteria is present in the blood, but is not currently growing. A) Bacteremia B)...

Some bacteria produce this enzyme to break down H2O2 to protect themselves from phagocytosis.

Some bacteria produce this enzyme to break down H2O2 to protect themselves from phagocytosis. A) B-lactamase B) Catalase C) Isomerase D) Efflux pump E)...

Which of the following can be vectors for infectious diseases?

Which of the following can be vectors for infectious diseases? A) Mosquitos B) Ticks C) Fleas D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the ab...

Which of the following are food preservatives?

Which of the following are food preservatives? A) Organic acids B) Sorbate C) Benzoate D) All of the above E) None of the above Answer: D)...

Which one of these is the most resistant to chemical biocides?

Which one of these is the most resistant to chemical biocides? A) Mycobacteria B) Viruses without envelopes C) Cysts of protozoa D) Prions Answer: D)...

The human body contains 10 trillion human cells, how many bacterial cells are in the human microbiome?

The human body contains 10 trillion human cells, how many bacterial cells are in the human microbiome? A) 90 million B) 900 billion C) 9 trillion D)...

Some reasons for the decline in diversity of the human microbiome in people from developed countries include:

Some reasons for the decline in diversity of the human microbiome in people from developed countries include: A) More births via C-section B) Overuse...

The effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments depends on which of these?

The effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments depends on which of these? A) Size of microbial population B) Biofilms C) Exposure time D) Temperature E)...

Which of the following bacterial components are targets of microbial control agents?

Which of the following bacterial components are targets of microbial control agents? A) Alteration of membrane permeability B) Damage to proteins C)...

In which environment are you most likely to encounter an acidophile?

In which environment are you most likely to encounter an acidophile? A. human blood at pH 7.2 B. a hot vent at pH 1.5 C. human intestine at pH 8.5 D....

If a culture starts with 50 cells, how many cells will be present after five generations with no cell death?

If a culture starts with 50 cells, how many cells will be present after five generations with no cell death? A. 200 B. 400 C. 1600 D. 3200 Answer: C....

As demonstrated in class by Dr. Baumler, a flagella can rotate:

As demonstrated in class by Dr. Baumler, a flagella can rotate: A) Clockwise B) Counterclockwise C) Both Directions D) Does not rotate Answer: C)...

By definition, carbohydrates contain which elements?

By definition, carbohydrates contain which elements? A. carbon and hydrogen B. carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen C. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen D. carbon...

The amino acids present in proteins differ in which of the following?

The amino acids present in proteins differ in which of the following? A. size B. shape C. side groups D. all of the above Answer: C. side g...

After conducting a malachite spore stain like you did in lab, what color do spores appear when viewed through a microscope?

After conducting a malachite spore stain like you did in lab, what color do spores appear when viewed through a microscope? A) Purple B) Green C)...

What is the function of ribosomes?

What is the function of ribosomes? (A) DNA replication (B) mRNA production (C) protein synthesis (D) fatty acid synthesis Answer: (C) protein...

The endosymbiotic theory suggests that the following Eukaryotic organelles were once bacteria that were engulfed and now reside in and benefit the Eukaryotic cell?

The endosymbiotic theory suggests that the following Eukaryotic organelles were once bacteria that were engulfed and now reside in and benefit the Eukaryotic...

What is the minimum number of bacterial cells required to grow a colony on an agar plate?

What is the minimum number of bacterial cells required to grow a colony on an agar plate? A) 1 B) 10 C) 100 D) 1000 E) >1,000,000 Answer: A)...

Which of the following organisms are very resistant to most modern day antibiotics?

Which of the following organisms are very resistant to most modern day antibiotics? A) MRSA B) Listeria C) Clostridium D) VRSA E) A and D Answer: E)...

Which is the correct procedure for microbiological aseptic technique when working with cultures in test tubes?

Which is the correct procedure for microbiological aseptic technique when working with cultures in test tubes? A) remove cap, wave test tube over...

Bacteria living in salt marshes are most likely which of the following?

Bacteria living in salt marshes are most likely which of the following? A) acidophiles B) barophiles C) halotolerant D) thermophiles Answer: C)...

Which of the following is the best definition of generation time in a bacterium?

Which of the following is the best definition of generation time in a bacterium? A) the length of time it takes to reach the log phase B) the length...

Which of the following could be added to agar plates to select for certain bacteria?

Which of the following could be added to agar plates to select for certain bacteria? A) Bile B) Salt C) Tryptic Soy Broth D) Nutrient Broth E) A and...

Which of these elements is not a micronutrient?

Which of these elements is not a micronutrient? A) Carbon B) Calcium C) Cobalt D) Copper Answer: A) Carb...

In which phase would you expect to observe the most endospores in a Bacillus cell culture?

In which phase would you expect to observe the most endospores in a Bacillus cell culture? A) Death phase B) Lag phase C) Log phase D) Log, lag, and...

The term microbiome refers to which of the following?

The term microbiome refers to which of the following? A) All microorganisms of the same species B) All of the microorganisms involved in a symbiotic...

Which of the following cell wall components is unique to Gram-negative cells?

Which of the following cell wall components is unique to Gram-negative cells? A) Lipopolysaccharide B) Teichoic acid C) Mycolic acid D) Peptidoglycan E)...

When conducting a Gram stain procedure which stain is used second?

When conducting a Gram stain procedure which stain is used second? A) Malachite Green B) Iodine C) Crystal Violet D) Safranin Answer: B) I...

Archaea and Bacteria are most similar in terms of their ________.

Archaea and Bacteria are most similar in terms of their ________. A) Genetics B) Cell wall structure C) Ecology D) Unicellular structure Answer: D)...

Which of the following bacteria form spores?

Which of the following bacteria form spores? A) Escherichia coli B) Proteus vulgaris C) Staphylococcus aureus D) Bacillus subtilis E) Micrococcus...

Which is used in Gram staining as a mordant to fix dye to the cells?

Which is used in Gram staining as a mordant to fix dye to the cells? A) Crystal violet B) Safranin C) Acid-alcohol D) Iodine Answer: D) Io...

Which of the following terms refers to a prokaryotic cell that is comma shaped?

Which of the following terms refers to a prokaryotic cell that is comma shaped? A) Coccus B) Coccobacilli C) Vibrio D) Spirillum Answer: C)...

Louis Pasteur is best known for the following scientific achievements:

Louis Pasteur is best known for the following scientific achievements: A) Rabies vaccine B) Symmetry of molecules C) Pasteurization of milk D) Maladies...

Which of the following types of microorganisms is photosynthetic?

Which of the following types of microorganisms is photosynthetic? A) Yeast B) Virus C) Protozoa D) Algae Answer: D) Alg...

Microbes have been revived and grown from:

Microbes have been revived and grown from: A) Culture media left in a drawer from last year's Introductory Microbiology lab B) Amber (fossilized tree...

To which of the following does a competitive inhibitor most structurally resemble?

To which of the following does a competitive inhibitor most structurally resemble? A) The active site B) The allosteric site C) The substrate D) A...

Which fermentation product is important for making bread rise?

Which fermentation product is important for making bread rise? A) Ethanol B) Carbon dioxide C) Lactic acid D) Hydrogen gas Answer: B) Carbon...

Which of the following methods would be used to measure the concentration of bacterial contamination in processed peanut butter?

Which of the following methods would be used to measure the concentration of bacterial contamination in processed peanut butter? A) Turbidity measurement B)...

Which is the location of electron transports systems in prokaryotes?

Which is the location of electron transports systems in prokaryotes? A) The outer mitochondrial membrane B) The cytoplasm C) The inner mitochondrial...

A soup container was forgotten in the refrigerator at 6° C and shows contamination. The contaminants are probably which of the following?

A soup container was forgotten in the refrigerator at 6° C and shows contamination. The contaminants are probably which of the following? A) Thermophiles B)...

Which of the following is the standard resource for identifying bacteria?

Which of the following is the standard resource for identifying bacteria? A) Systema Naturae B) Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology C) Woese...

T or F. A pleomorphic bacteria is one that is able to change its shape?

T or F. A pleomorphic bacteria is one that is able to change its shape? Answer: Tr...

If all microbes on Earth suddenly died, which of these livestock animals would die off first?

If all microbes on Earth suddenly died, which of these livestock animals would die off first? A) Pigs B) Chickens C) Cows D) Turkeys E) Quail Answer: C)...

Which of the following have a peptidoglycan cell wall?

Which of the following have a peptidoglycan cell wall? A) Plant cells B) Archaea C) Bacillus subtilis D) Mycoplasma E) Eukaryotic cells Answer: C)...

T or F. The largest bacteria known is visible with the human naked eye.

T or F. The largest bacteria known is visible with the human naked eye. Answer: Tr...

Which of the following developed a set of postulates for determining whether a particular disease is caused by a particular pathogen?

Which of the following developed a set of postulates for determining whether a particular disease is caused by a particular pathogen? A) John Snow B)...

Which of the following is NOT made by fermentation?

Which of the following is NOT made by fermentation? A) Wine B) Bread C) Cheese D) Orange juice E) Yogurt Answer: D) Orange jui...

When two people kiss (for 10 seconds) what maximum amount of bacteria can be transferred between the two people?

When two people kiss (for 10 seconds) what maximum amount of bacteria can be transferred between the two people? A) ~800 B) ~8,000 C) ~80,000 D) ~80,000,000 Answer: D)...

Who was the first person to view microorganisms (animalcules) using a microscope:

Who was the first person to view microorganisms (animalcules) using a microscope: A) Louis Pasteur B) Robert Hooke C) Anton Van Leeuwenhoek D) Leonardo...

Which of the following individuals is credited for definitively refuting the theory of spontaneous generation using broth in swan-neck flask?

Which of the following individuals is credited for definitively refuting the theory of spontaneous generation using broth in swan-neck flask? A) Aristotle B)...

The signs and symptoms of infection with Helicobacter pylori are the result of

The signs and symptoms of infection with Helicobacter pylori are the result of A. the production of exotoxins by H. pylori in the intestines. B. invasion...

The normal flora of the adult large bowel consists predominantly of which of the following?

The normal flora of the adult large bowel consists predominantly of which of the following? A. Staphylococcus B. Enterococcus C. Anaerobic species D....

All of the following are human enteric pathogens EXCEPT

All of the following are human enteric pathogens EXCEPT A. Yersenia pestis B. Yersenia enterocolitica C. Serovars of Salmonella spp. D. Serovars of...

Human infection with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae takes a milder form and is known as:

Human infection with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae takes a milder form and is known as: A. Erysipelas B. Erysipeloid C. Impetigo D. Necrotizing fasciitis Answer: B....

Bullous impetigo and pustular immpetigo are often associated with Staphylococcus aureus infection. These clinical pictures are considered

Bullous impetigo and pustular immpetigo are often associated with Staphylococcus aureus infection. These clinical pictures are considered A. disseminated...

Which of the following organisms causes Syphilis?

Which of the following organisms causes Syphilis? A. Treponema pallidum pallidum B. Treponema pallidum pertenue C. Treponema pallidum carateum D....

All of the following statements about Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin are true EXCEPT

All of the following statements about Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin are true EXCEPT A. Toxic activity resides in subunit A B. Acts on cells of the small...

Which of the following is a risk factor for floppy baby syndrome (infantile botulism)?

Which of the following is a risk factor for floppy baby syndrome (infantile botulism)? A. Honey B. Chicken C. Cheese D. Hamburger E. Unpasteurized...

A lung specimen from a pneumonia patient contains Gram-negative bacilli. Laboratory test results on the bacteria show they are nonmotile coliforms (in the colon) with a capsule. Which pathogen is the likely cause of the pneumonia?

A lung specimen from a pneumonia patient contains Gram-negative bacilli. Laboratory test results on the bacteria show they are nonmotile coliforms (in...

Which of the following bacteria causes Epidemic relapsing fever?

Which of the following bacteria causes Epidemic relapsing fever? A. Borrelia burgdorferi B. Treponema carateum C. Leptospira interrogans D. Borrelia...

The Streptococcus pneumoniae can be serotyped based on their capsular antigen using which of the following tests?

The Streptococcus pneumoniae can be serotyped based on their capsular antigen using which of the following tests? A. Dick's test B. The correct answer...

Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes the disease diphtheria by producing diphtheria toxin. The gene encoding the toxin is integrated into bacterial genome during lysogenic conversion. The toxin gene was acquired by which process?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes the disease diphtheria by producing diphtheria toxin. The gene encoding the toxin is integrated into bacterial genome...

All of the following statements about Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin are true EXCEPT

All of the following statements about Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin are true EXCEPT A. Toxic activity resides in subunit B B. There are two major subunits,...

All of the following is true about the family Enterobacteriaceae EXCEPT

All of the following is true about the family Enterobacteriaceae EXCEPT A. They are Gram-negative B. They are oxidase positive C. They are differentiated...

Syphilis and Lyme disease are strikingly similar in which of the following aspects?

Syphilis and Lyme disease are strikingly similar in which of the following aspects? A. Their modes of transmission are similar. B. The diseases show...

How do group A streptococci camouflage themselves from white blood cells?

How do group A streptococci camouflage themselves from white blood cells? A. They grow in chains or pairs. B. They have hyaluronic acid capsules. C....

A 67-year-old diabetic man develops intense pain and swelling on his calf, which acquires a bronze discoloration and develops significant tissue necrosis with hemorrhagic bullae and gas production (gas gangarene). Which of the following is the important contributing agent?

A 67-year-old diabetic man develops intense pain and swelling on his calf, which acquires a bronze discoloration and develops significant tissue necrosis...

Which group of bacteria is described as catalase-positive, Gram-positive cocci that grow facultatively anaerobic and form grapelike clusters?

Which group of bacteria is described as catalase-positive, Gram-positive cocci that grow facultatively anaerobic and form grapelike clusters? A. Staphylococcus B....

In Bacillus anthracis the Protective Antigen (PA)

In Bacillus anthracis the Protective Antigen (PA) A. A protease that inhibits cell growth B. A protease that inhibits blood clotting C. Binds to cells D....

The typical lesion of secondary syphilis is

The typical lesion of secondary syphilis is A. gummas in bones, in nervous tissues, or on the skin. B. a painless reddened lesion called a chancre...

A 42-year-old patient undergoing treatment with a broad-spectrum antibiotic for several weeks develops profuse, foul-smelling and bloody diarrhea. The patient has fever and abdominal pain. Leukocytes are present in the stool. Cessation of the antibiotic treatment was helpful. Which of the following is the most probable agent of this disease?

A 42-year-old patient undergoing treatment with a broad-spectrum antibiotic for several weeks develops profuse, foul-smelling and bloody diarrhea. The...

Which of the following bacteria play a role in infertility in cattle?

Which of the following bacteria play a role in infertility in cattle? A. Campylobacter rectus B. Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus C. Campylobacter...

Regarding Treponema pallidum, al of the following are considered virulence factor EXCEPT

Regarding Treponema pallidum, al of the following are considered virulence factor EXCEPT A. Presence of a capsule to protect against phagocytosis B....

In family Enterobacteriaceae, the capsular Antigen is also identified as

In family Enterobacteriaceae, the capsular Antigen is also identified as A. 'F' Antigen B. 'C' Antigen C. 'K' Antigen D. 'O' Antigen E. 'H' Antigen Answer: C....

In horses, a generalized muscle stiffness can result in a "saw-horse" stance is attributed to infection with:

In horses, a generalized muscle stiffness can result in a "saw-horse" stance is attributed to infection with: A. Clostridium difficile B. Clostridium...

All of the following is true about the family Enterobacteriaceae EXCEPT

All of the following is true about the family Enterobacteriaceae EXCEPT A. They are Gram-negative coccobacilli B. Some of them a opportunistic pathogens C....

Profuse watery diarrhea ("rice water stools") leading to dramatic fluid loss and severe dehydration and hypotension, which frequently leads to death are the hallmarks of which toxin activity?

Profuse watery diarrhea ("rice water stools") leading to dramatic fluid loss and severe dehydration and hypotension, which frequently leads to death...

The virulence and post-infection complication following infection with Streptococcus pyogenes is determined by which of the following factors:

The virulence and post-infection complication following infection with Streptococcus pyogenes is determined by which of the following factors: A....

Listeria monocytogenes shows which of the following characteristics?

Listeria monocytogenes shows which of the following characteristics? A. It is a Gram-negative coccus. B. It can grow at refrigerator temperatures...

A sheepherder has a large black and necrotic lesion (eschar) under his chin that has grown quickly in size. There is no pus, but the patient complains of painful and swollen glands. A Gram-positive bacillus is isolated from the lesion. Which of the following features of the responsible agent is NOT a virulant factor?

A sheepherder has a large black and necrotic lesion (eschar) under his chin that has grown quickly in size. There is no pus, but the patient complains...

Which of the following campylobacter is responsible for abortion in sheep and cattle worldwide?

Which of the following campylobacter is responsible for abortion in sheep and cattle worldwide? A. Campylobacter jejuni B. Campylobacter concisus C....

Which of the following produces the most potent endotoxin

Which of the following produces the most potent endotoxin A. Clostridium tetani B. Neither Clostridium tetani nor Clostridium botulinum C. Both Clostridium...

All of the following are true about Shiga toxins EXCEPT:

All of the following are true about Shiga toxins EXCEPT: A. Upon its activation, the B subunits bind to a host cell and facilitate transfer of the...

All of the following are characteristic of Corynebacterium diphtheriae EXCEPT:

All of the following are characteristic of Corynebacterium diphtheriae EXCEPT: A. Avirulent strains acquire their virulence factors from virulent...

Which of the following is a zoonosis caused by a spirochete?

Which of the following is a zoonosis caused by a spirochete? A. Pinta B. Bejel C. Syphilis D. Leptospirosis E. Yaws Answer: D. Leptospiros...

A patient presents with severe colitis associated with an overgrowth of Clostridium difficile in the lower bowel. The most likely cause of this condition was

A patient presents with severe colitis associated with an overgrowth of Clostridium difficile in the lower bowel. The most likely cause of this condition...

All of the following are considered virulent factors in the Staphylococcus aureus EXCEPT

All of the following are considered virulent factors in the Staphylococcus aureus EXCEPT A. Protein A B. Degradative enzymes C. Cytotoxins D. Lipid...

A sexually active 27-year-old man complains of a greenish-yellow discharge from his urethra and difficulty urinating. A Gram-negative diplococcus was seen on the Gram stain. Confirmation by culture requires plating on which of the following media?

A sexually active 27-year-old man complains of a greenish-yellow discharge from his urethra and difficulty urinating. A Gram-negative diplococcus was...

Rheumatic fever is a sequalae of repeated infection with Streptococcus pyogenes. The pathogenesis involved in this complication is

Rheumatic fever is a sequalae of repeated infection with Streptococcus pyogenes. The pathogenesis involved in this complication is A. An immunological...

The typical lesion of primary syphilis is

The typical lesion of primary syphilis is A. gummas in bones, in nervous tissues, or on the skin. B. the development of buboes in the lymph nodes...

Wool sorter's disease is caused by the inhalation of the spores of

Wool sorter's disease is caused by the inhalation of the spores of A. Bacillus mycoides B. Bacillus cereus C. Bacillus subtilis D. Bacillus anthracis Answer: D....

Sushi dishes, when not prepared properly are often the cause of food poisoning due to the presence of which of the following bacteria?

Sushi dishes, when not prepared properly are often the cause of food poisoning due to the presence of which of the following bacteria? A. Vibrio parahaemolyticus B....

Consuming raw oysters may lead to infection with which of the following bacteria?

Consuming raw oysters may lead to infection with which of the following bacteria? A. Vibrio parahaemolyticus B. Vibrio vulnificus C. Aeromonas hydrophila D....

Your patient has subacute bacterial endocarditis caused by a member of the viridans group of streptococcus. Which one of the following sites is MOST likely to be the source of the organism?

Your patient has subacute bacterial endocarditis caused by a member of the viridans group of streptococcus. Which one of the following sites is MOST...

Which type of staphylococcus is more likely to cause uncomplicated urinary tract infections in nonhospitalized hosts, especially sexually active young women?

Which type of staphylococcus is more likely to cause uncomplicated urinary tract infections in nonhospitalized hosts, especially sexually active young...

Which of the following bacteria are associated with enterotoxins?

Which of the following bacteria are associated with enterotoxins? A. Clostridium botulinum B. Clostridium tetani C. Neither Clostridium tetani nor...

Which of the following is NOT an important characteristic of either Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Neisseria meningitidis?

Which of the following is NOT an important characteristic of either Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Neisseria meningitidis? A. M protein B. Pili C. Polysaccharide...

The virulence factor 'Kanagawa hemolysin' is produced by

The virulence factor 'Kanagawa hemolysin' is produced by A. Vibrio cholerae B. Vibrio parahaemolyticus C. Vibrio vulnificus D. None of the above E....

Which of the following staphylococcal virulence factors produce the signs and symptoms of scalded skin syndrome?

Which of the following staphylococcal virulence factors produce the signs and symptoms of scalded skin syndrome? A. Leukocidin B. Hyaluronidase C....

Listeria's virulence is directly related to its ability to

Listeria's virulence is directly related to its ability to A. easily become a pathogen in humans. B. live within cells and thus avoid exposure to...

Which of the following statements regarding the role of protein A in the pathogenesis of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus is correct?

Which of the following statements regarding the role of protein A in the pathogenesis of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus is correct? A....

The typical lesion of tertiary syphilis is

The typical lesion of tertiary syphilis is A. a generalized rash. B. gummas in bones, in nervous tissues, or on the skin. C. a painless reddened lesion...

Yersinia infection of the ileum, showing superficial necrosis of the mucosa and ulceration is most probably caused by:

Yersinia infection of the ileum, showing superficial necrosis of the mucosa and ulceration is most probably caused by: A. Yersinia pestis B. Yersinia...

The diarrhea associated with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is the result of:

The diarrhea associated with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is the result of: A. Plasmid-mediated A/E histopathology with disruption of...

Virulence determinants of Helicobacter pylori include which of the following?

Virulence determinants of Helicobacter pylori include which of the following? A. Motility B. Urease enzyme C. Adhesions D. All of the above are correct. Answer: D....

Dr. Rebecca Lancefield used which of the following in her classification of the Streptococci

Dr. Rebecca Lancefield used which of the following in her classification of the Streptococci A. The F protein B. The haemolytic pattern of the bacteria C....

Which of the following components of Steptococcus pyogenes are non-antigenic, i.e., do not elicit the host to produce antibodies against it, thus it is an important virulence factor

Which of the following components of Steptococcus pyogenes are non-antigenic, i.e., do not elicit the host to produce antibodies against it, thus it...

How does the lipopolysaccharide from Neisseria differ from other Gram-negative bacteria?

How does the lipopolysaccharide from Neisseria differ from other Gram-negative bacteria? A. It is formed of a longer chain of polysaccharides B. It...

The majority of human infections with Campylobacter species are caused by which of the following?

The majority of human infections with Campylobacter species are caused by which of the following? A. Direct contact with carriers of the bacterium B....

The diarrhea associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the result of:

The diarrhea associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the result of: A. Plasmid-mediated invasion and destruction of epithelial...

The epidemic relapsing fever in humans is transmitted by

The epidemic relapsing fever in humans is transmitted by A. hard-shelled ticks B. body louse C. direct contact D. soft-shelled ticks Answer: B....

A 37-year-old man has a self-limited with an explosive onset of watery diarrhea and nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, headache, and low-grade fever 2 days after winning a sushi eating contest. Which of the following is the cause of the diarrhea?

A 37-year-old man has a self-limited with an explosive onset of watery diarrhea and nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, headache, and low-grade fever...

Which of the following bacteria DO NOT fall under the Lancefield's Classification of Streptococcus?

Which of the following bacteria DO NOT fall under the Lancefield's Classification of Streptococcus? A. Streptococcus pneumoniae B. Streptococcus pyogenes C....

The virulence factors for Neisseria gonorrhoeae includes all of the following EXCEPT:

The virulence factors for Neisseria gonorrhoeae includes all of the following EXCEPT: A. Pili B. Survival of intracellular killing C. The capsule D....

How can Helicobacter pylori infection be detected?

How can Helicobacter pylori infection be detected? A. Breakdown of urea B. Production of oxidase C. Hydrogen sulfide production D. Lactose fermentation E....

A young man returned from a backpacking trip in Mexico suffering from a high fever, pain in the abdomen, and watery diarrhea. The emergency room doctor noted a faint rash on the patient's abdomen and chest. A blood specimen was collected and plated on MacConkey agar, incubated at 37°C in ambient air. Lactose-negative colonies grew on the plates. The cultured organism was a Gram-negative rod that did not produce Shiga or Shiga-like toxins. The most likely etiological agent for this man's disease is:

A young man returned from a backpacking trip in Mexico suffering from a high fever, pain in the abdomen, and watery diarrhea. The emergency room doctor...

Over 90% of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria can withstand the effect of penicillin. Why?

Over 90% of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria can withstand the effect of penicillin. Why? A. They produce Beta-lactamase. B. Cell division occurs in...

Which genus is best described as oxidase-positive, Gram-negative cocci that are normal flora of the respiratory and other mucosal surfaces and often form diplococci?

Which genus is best described as oxidase-positive, Gram-negative cocci that are normal flora of the respiratory and other mucosal surfaces and often...

Neisseria meningitidis can be described as which of the following?

Neisseria meningitidis can be described as which of the following? A. Often carrying an antiphagocytic capsule B. Oxidase positive C. A major cause...

All of the following statements about Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin are true EXCEPT

All of the following statements about Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin are true EXCEPT A. Toxic activity resides in subunit B B. Subunit B is responsible...

"Bluecomb" septicemia in turkeys and other species of fowl (chickens, ducks, emus, parrots, peacocks, pheasants) is caused by:

"Bluecomb" septicemia in turkeys and other species of fowl (chickens, ducks, emus, parrots, peacocks, pheasants) is caused by: A. Listeria monocytogenes B....

Of the following species of mycobacterium, which causes a chronic disease of the skin, mucous membranes, and nerve tissue and has not yet been cultivated in vitro?

Of the following species of mycobacterium, which causes a chronic disease of the skin, mucous membranes, and nerve tissue and has not yet been cultivated...

Virulence determinants of Helicobacter pylori include which of the following?

Virulence determinants of Helicobacter pylori include which of the following? A. Adhesions B. Motility C. Urease enzyme D. All of the above are correct. Answer: D....

The signs and symptoms of infection with Helicobacter pylori are the result of

The signs and symptoms of infection with Helicobacter pylori are the result of A. invasion by Helicobacter pylori into the mucosa of the stomach. B....

Which of the following bacteria cause Hansen's disease?

Which of the following bacteria cause Hansen's disease? A. Mycobacterium leprae B. Corynebacterium species C. Clostridium difficile D. Mycobacterium...

Which of the following organisms causes Pinta?

Which of the following organisms causes Pinta? A. Treponema pallidum endemicum B. Treponema pallidum pallidum C. Treponema pallidum carateum D. Treponema...

Johne's disease occuring in cattle, sheep, and other ruminants is caused by which of the following bacteria?

Johne's disease occuring in cattle, sheep, and other ruminants is caused by which of the following bacteria? A. Mycobacterium bovis B. Mycobacterium...

Rice water' diarrhoea is associated with infection with which of the following bacteria?

Rice water' diarrhoea is associated with infection with which of the following bacteria? A. Vibrio parahaemolyticus B. Vibrio alginolyticus C. Vibrio...

Bovine mastitis is caused by:

Bovine mastitis is caused by: A. Streptococcus equi B. Streptococcus mutans C. Streptococcus agalactiae D. Streptococcus anginosus E. Streptococcus...

A group of patients was seen on an emergency basis complaining of abdominal cramps and watery diarrhea within 5 hours of attending a picnic in which ham, potato salad, and custard-filled pastries were on the menu. Which of the following is the likely cause of this disease?

A group of patients was seen on an emergency basis complaining of abdominal cramps and watery diarrhea within 5 hours of attending a picnic in which...

Anthrax, which means "charcoal" in Greek, derives its name from

Anthrax, which means "charcoal" in Greek, derives its name from A. its ability to invade the bloodstream and produce toxemia. B. the staining properties...

Streptococcus pneumoniae can be described as which of the following?

Streptococcus pneumoniae can be described as which of the following? A. Susceptible to bile and optochin B. A major cause of bacterial meningitis C....

The Quellung reaction is used to diagnose

The Quellung reaction is used to diagnose A. Streptococcus pneumoniae. B. Streptococcus equisimilis. C. Staphylococcus aureus. D. Streptococcus pyogenes. E....

Integration of the viral RNA genome into host cell chromosomal DNA is required for the replication cycles of which virus(es)?

Integration of the viral RNA genome into host cell chromosomal DNA is required for the replication cycles of which virus(es)? A. Herpes viruses B....

The majority of human infections with Campylobacter species are caused by which of the following?

The majority of human infections with Campylobacter species are caused by which of the following? A. Direct contact with persons infected with the...

The typical lesion of primary syphilis is

The typical lesion of primary syphilis is A. gummas in bones, in nervous tissues, or on the skin. B. the development of buboes in the lymph nodes...

Yersinia infection of the ileum, showing superficial necrosis of the mucosa and ulceration is most probably caused by:

Yersinia infection of the ileum, showing superficial necrosis of the mucosa and ulceration is most probably caused by: A. Yersinia enterocolitica B....

Which of the following is true of spirochetes?

Which of the following is true of spirochetes? A. They are all sexually transmitted B. They have peritrichous arrangement of flagella C. They are...

Which of the following organisms causes Bejel?

Which of the following organisms causes Bejel? A. Treponema pallidum pertenue B. Treponema pallidum carateum C. Treponema pallidum endemicum D. Treponema...

Erythrogenic toxin, hyaluronidase, and hemolysins S and O are extracellular products of which of the following?

Erythrogenic toxin, hyaluronidase, and hemolysins S and O are extracellular products of which of the following? A. Streptococcus pneumoniae B. Streptococcus...

The Gardasil vaccine:

The Gardasil vaccine: A. Protects against infection will several types of human herpesvirus. B. Protects against infection with all herpes viruses. C....

Syphilis and Lyme disease are strikingly similar in which of the following aspects?

Syphilis and Lyme disease are strikingly similar in which of the following aspects? A. Both diseases display three similar, distinct phases. B. Both...

All of the following are considered virulent factors in the Staphylococcus aureus EXCEPT

All of the following are considered virulent factors in the Staphylococcus aureus EXCEPT A. Capsule B. Degradative enzymes C. Protein A D. Lipid A E....

A lung specimen from a pneumonia patient contains Gram-negative bacilli. Laboratory test results on the bacteria show they are nonmotile coliforms (in the colon) with a capsule. Which pathogen is the likely cause of the pneumonia?

A lung specimen from a pneumonia patient contains Gram-negative bacilli. Laboratory test results on the bacteria show they are nonmotile coliforms (in...

The Nucleases (enzymes that hydrolyzes DNA) are considered virulence factor because:

The Nucleases (enzymes that hydrolyzes DNA) are considered virulence factor because: A. They destroy the DNA of the macrophages B. They destroy the...

Which of the following is the most likely trigger for reactivation of tuberculosis?

Which of the following is the most likely trigger for reactivation of tuberculosis? A. Ultraviolet B light B. Kidney transplant C. Poor hygiene D....

Which type of staphylococcus is more likely to cause uncomplicated urinary tract infections in non-hospitalized hosts, especially sexually active young women?

Which type of staphylococcus is more likely to cause uncomplicated urinary tract infections in non-hospitalized hosts, especially sexually active young...

All of the following are characteristic of Corynebacterium diphtheriae EXCEPT:

All of the following are characteristic of Corynebacterium diphtheriae EXCEPT: A. Humans are the only known reservoir. B. It produces a single "A-B"exotoxin...

Viruses can be classified based on all of the following EXCEPT

Viruses can be classified based on all of the following EXCEPT A. Cell wall structure B. Presence or absence of envelope C. Arrangement of nucleic...

The diarrhea associated with Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is the result of:

The diarrhea associated with Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is the result of: A. Plasmid-mediated, heat-stable and/or heat-labile enterotoxins...

The typical lesion of secondary syphilis is

The typical lesion of secondary syphilis is A. a painless reddened lesion called a chancre at the site of infection. B. gummas in bones, in nervous...

Bacteria collected from a severely inflamed wound are sent to the lab for analysis. The results come back as follows: Gram-positive cocci in irregular clusters, kinase and coagulase positive, and able to grow in the presence of most antibiotics except vancomycin. The bacteria in the wound are most likely

Bacteria collected from a severely inflamed wound are sent to the lab for analysis. The results come back as follows: Gram-positive cocci in irregular...

Dr. Rebecca Lancefield used which of the following in her classification of the Streptococci

Dr. Rebecca Lancefield used which of the following in her classification of the Streptococci A. The F protein B. The M protein C. The haemolytic pattern...

Which of the following spirochete-caused diseases is transmitted by an arthropod?

Which of the following spirochete-caused diseases is transmitted by an arthropod? A. Pinta B. Leptospirosis C. Relapsing fever D. Yaws E. Syphilis Answer: C....

Which of the following organisms causes Yaws?

Which of the following organisms causes Yaws? A. Treponema pallidum endemicum B. Treponema pallidum pallidum C. Treponema pallidum carateum D. Treponema...

Which of the following statements accurately describes ALL viruses:

Which of the following statements accurately describes ALL viruses: A. Virus particles are metabolically inactive. B. All viral genomes are DNA. C....

The typical lesion of tertiary syphilis is

The typical lesion of tertiary syphilis is A. purulent sore throat. B. a generalized rash. C. the development of buboes in the lymph nodes at the...

Which of the following staphylococcal virulence factors produce the signs and symptoms of scalded skin syndrome?

Which of the following staphylococcal virulence factors produce the signs and symptoms of scalded skin syndrome? A. Staphylokinase B. Coagulase C....

All of the following are human enteric pathogens EXCEPT

All of the following are human enteric pathogens EXCEPT A. Yersinia enterocolitica B. Yersinia pestis C. Serovars of Salmonella spp. D. Serovars of...

Greasy Pig Disease is caused by:

Greasy Pig Disease is caused by: A. Streptococcus pyogenes B. Streptococcus porcinus C. Staphylococcus aureus D. Staphylococcus hyicus E. Staphylococcus...

Polyarthritis in pigs, sheep, and turkeys may be associated with infection of which of the following bacteria?

Polyarthritis in pigs, sheep, and turkeys may be associated with infection of which of the following bacteria? A. Clostridium tetani B. Erysipelothrix...

Which of the following statements about Bacillus anthracis is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about Bacillus anthracis is FALSE? A. It produces endospores. B. It is primarily a disease of humans. C. It normally...

The virulence factor associated with Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli diarrhea resembles a virulence factor from which of the following bacteria?

The virulence factor associated with Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli diarrhea resembles a virulence factor from which of the following bacteria? A....

Antigenic drift results in small changes in influenza viral proteins by:

Antigenic drift results in small changes in influenza viral proteins by: A. Accumulation of point mutations in the viral RNA B. Errors in translation...

A 25-year-old woman is seen on an emergency basis while in shock, with generalized flushing of the skin and mucous membranes. A tampon is present in her vagina. Toxic shock syndrome is suspected. Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for the toxic shock syndrome?

A 25-year-old woman is seen on an emergency basis while in shock, with generalized flushing of the skin and mucous membranes. A tampon is present in...

To overcome drug resistance during long antibacterial treatment of tuberculosis the following should consist of the following steps EXCEPT

To overcome drug resistance during long antibacterial treatment of tuberculosis the following should consist of the following steps EXCEPT A. Applying...

The virulence factors attributed to Listeria monocytogenes include:

The virulence factors attributed to Listeria monocytogenes include: A. Cell attachment factors (internalins), hemolysins (listeriolysin O, two phospholipase...

Which of the following statements concerning viruses is FALSE?

Which of the following statements concerning viruses is FALSE? A. Viruses enter a cell to complete the replication they have begun extracellularly. B....

Only one vaccine currently used is partially protective against tuberculosis infection. That vaccine is:

Only one vaccine currently used is partially protective against tuberculosis infection. That vaccine is: A. CBG vaccine B. BCG vaccine C. BVG vaccine D....

The Streptokinase secreted by Streptococcus pyogenes

The Streptokinase secreted by Streptococcus pyogenes A. Lyses leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes B. Lyses blood clots and facilitates spread...

What are the two primary surface proteins (antigens) of type A influenza used to classify the subtype of the viruses?

What are the two primary surface proteins (antigens) of type A influenza used to classify the subtype of the viruses? A. Neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin B....

What organisms are primarily responsible for human tubercular cases?

What organisms are primarily responsible for human tubercular cases? A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis...

The virulence factors attributed to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae include:

The virulence factors attributed to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae include: A. The presence of capsule to resist phagocytosis B. Cell attachment factors C....

A 33-year-old soldier has recent weight loss, night sweats, fever, and cough. Results of a PPD (Tuberculin) test show redness and swelling at the site of injection. Radiograph results of the chest show bilateral upper lobe involvement and mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. Which of the following describes the microbe causing this disease?

A 33-year-old soldier has recent weight loss, night sweats, fever, and cough. Results of a PPD (Tuberculin) test show redness and swelling at the site...

A 23-year-old student develops abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting approximately 4 hours after eating leftover (almost forgotten) Chinese food. Which of the following is the most likely cause for his ailment?

A 23-year-old student develops abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting approximately 4 hours after eating leftover (almost forgotten) Chinese food. Which...

Strangles in horses is caused by:

Strangles in horses is caused by: A. Streptococcus bovis B. Streptococcus agalactiae C. Streptococcus equi D. Streptococcus anginosus E. Streptococcus...

All of the following statements about Bacillus anthracis are true EXCEPT

All of the following statements about Bacillus anthracis are true EXCEPT A. Inhalation may produce severe pneumonia in humans B. Anaerobic C. The...

Human infection with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae takes a milder form and is known as:

Human infection with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae takes a milder form and is known as: A. Impetigo B. Erysipelas C. Necrotizing fasciitis D. Erysipeloid Answer: D....

The pathogenesis of Acute Glomerulonephritis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes is:

The pathogenesis of Acute Glomerulonephritis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes is: A. Genetic susceptibility B. Toxigenic C. Immune mediated D. Pyogenic Answer: C....

A distinctive feature of spirochetes is the presence of

A distinctive feature of spirochetes is the presence of A. endoflagella. B. nucleosomes. C. fimbriae. D. variable surface antigens. E. helically arranged...

Human immunodeficiency virus causes a(n):

Human immunodeficiency virus causes a(n): A. Latent infection B. Acute infection C. Unapparent infection D. Weak infection E. Chronic or slow infection Answer: E....

Scarlet fever is a clinical manifestation of Streptococcus pyogenes infection. The skin rash is caused by

Scarlet fever is a clinical manifestation of Streptococcus pyogenes infection. The skin rash is caused by A. Streptolysin S B. Streptokinase C. Erythrogenic...

Caudal-Fold Tuberculin Test (CFT) is used in the diagnosis of :

Caudal-Fold Tuberculin Test (CFT) is used in the diagnosis of : A. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis B. Mycobacterium bovis C. None...

Rheumatic fever is a sequelae of repeated infection with Streptococcus pyogenes. The pathogenesis involved in this complication is

Rheumatic fever is a sequelae of repeated infection with Streptococcus pyogenes. The pathogenesis involved in this complication is A. Molecular mimicry...

Which of the following bacteria DO NOT fall under the Lancefield's Classification of Streptococcus

Which of the following bacteria DO NOT fall under the Lancefield's Classification of Streptococcus A. Streptococcus pneumoniae B. Streptococcus pyogenes C....

Which of the following describes a major component of the Staphylococcus aureus cell wall. It binds to the 'Fc' moiety (stem of the Y-shaped antibody) of IgG, exerting an anti-opsonin (and therefore strongly antiphagocytic) effect

Which of the following describes a major component of the Staphylococcus aureus cell wall. It binds to the 'Fc' moiety (stem of the Y-shaped antibody)...

Which of the following genetic mechanisms promotes the development of a pandemic strain of influenza A?

Which of the following genetic mechanisms promotes the development of a pandemic strain of influenza A? A. Reassortment B. Complementation C. Conjugation D....

A 37-year-old man has a self-limited with an explosive onset of watery diarrhea and nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, headache, and low-grade fever 2 days after winning a sushi eating contest. Which of the following is the cause of the diarrhea?

A 37-year-old man has a self-limited with an explosive onset of watery diarrhea and nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, headache, and low-grade fever...

PPD (purified protein derivative) or tuberculin is injected intradermally to test whether an individual is infected with tuberculosis. After 48-72 hours post-injection, the test is read by measuring:

PPD (purified protein derivative) or tuberculin is injected intradermally to test whether an individual is infected with tuberculosis. After 48-72 hours...

The probable cause for the relapsing nature of relapsing fever caused by Borrelia recurrentis is

The probable cause for the relapsing nature of relapsing fever caused by Borrelia recurrentis is A. periodic spore dormancy and activation. B. organisms...

Pyoderma in dogs is caused by:

Pyoderma in dogs is caused by: A. Staphylococcus intermedius B. Staphylococcus epidermidis C. Streptococcus pyogenes D. Staphylococcus saprophyticus E....

The primary function of the hemagglutinin protein is to:

The primary function of the hemagglutinin protein is to: A. Permit the release of viral progeny from the cell B. Attach to sialic acid residues on...

All of the following statements are true about viruses EXCEPT

All of the following statements are true about viruses EXCEPT A. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites B. Viruses are infectious agents C....

Which of the following properties facilitates use of Bacillus anthracis as a bioterror agent?

Which of the following properties facilitates use of Bacillus anthracis as a bioterror agent? A. Lethal toxin B. Spores C. Thick peptide glycan D....

Anabolic reactions

Anabolic reactions A) require energy B) release energy C) break down molecules D) do not involve energy Answer: A) require ener...

Redox reactions

Redox reactions A) transfer energy B) transfer electrons C) involve oxidation and reduction D) are involved in all of the above Answer: D)...

Oxygen is vital to the process of aerobic cellular respiration. It allows aerobic organisms to derive a great deal more energy from glucose than anaerobic organisms are able to. What is the vital role that oxygen plays in cellular respiration?

Oxygen is vital to the process of aerobic cellular respiration. It allows aerobic organisms to derive a great deal more energy from glucose than anaerobic...

Which of the following is the process of adding a phosphate to ADP?

Which of the following is the process of adding a phosphate to ADP? A) hydrolysis B) redox reaction C) dephosphorylation D) phosphorylation E) none...

In an oxidation-reduction reaction, if a substance is oxidized it

In an oxidation-reduction reaction, if a substance is oxidized it A) gains oxygen B) gains protons C) gains electrons D) loses electrons Answer: D)...

Glycolysis is the breakdown of what?

Glycolysis is the breakdown of what? A) ATP B) ADP C) protein D) sugar E) lipids Answer: D) sug...

Where does electron transport of cellular respiration happen within the cell of a bacterium?

Where does electron transport of cellular respiration happen within the cell of a bacterium? A) plasma membrane B) cytoplasm C) nucleus D) mitochondria E)...

Which of the following would not likely be encoded on a plasmid?

Which of the following would not likely be encoded on a plasmid? A) Genes encoding toxins that damage host tissue B) Genes encoding antibacterial...

Which of the following may be used as electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration?

Which of the following may be used as electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration? A) CO32- B) O2 C) SO4- D) A and C E) A and B Answer: D)...

In the Entner-Doudoroff pathway bacteria produce NADPH and ATP, and does not involve glycolysis?

In the Entner-Doudoroff pathway bacteria produce NADPH and ATP, and does not involve glycolysis? A) True B) False Answer: A) Tr...

Which of the following types of RNA codes for a protein?

Which of the following types of RNA codes for a protein? A) dsRNA B) mRNA C) rRNA D) tRNA Answer: B) mR...

Which of the following conditions leads to maximal expression of the lac operon?

Which of the following conditions leads to maximal expression of the lac operon? A) lactose present, glucose absent B) lactose present, glucose present C)...

Which of the following is the amino acid that appears at the N-terminus of all newly translated prokaryotic and eukaryotic polypeptides?

Which of the following is the amino acid that appears at the N-terminus of all newly translated prokaryotic and eukaryotic polypeptides? A) tryptophan B)...

DNA does all but which of the following?

DNA does all but which of the following? A) serves as the genetic material passed from parent to offspring B) remains constant despite changes in...

If a DNA strand contains the sequence 5ʹ-ATTCCGGATCGA-3ʹ, which of the following is the sequence of the complementary strand of DNA?

If a DNA strand contains the sequence 5ʹ-ATTCCGGATCGA-3ʹ, which of the following is the sequence of the complementary strand of DNA? A) 5ʹ-TAAGGCCTAGCT-3ʹ B)...

Which of the following are NOT used in DNA:

Which of the following are NOT used in DNA: A) Uracil B) Thymine C) Guanine D) Adenine E) Cytosine Answer: A) Urac...

Which of the following is not found within DNA?

Which of the following is not found within DNA? A) Thymine B) Phosphodiester bonds C) Complementary base pairing D) Amino acids Answer: D)...

Which of the following metabolic pathways generate electrons/energy from the breakdown of carbohydrates?

Which of the following metabolic pathways generate electrons/energy from the breakdown of carbohydrates? A) Glycolysis B) Pentose Phosphate pathway C)...

If 30% of the bases within a DNA molecule are adenine, what is the percentage of guanine?

If 30% of the bases within a DNA molecule are adenine, what is the percentage of guanine? A) 20% B) 50% C) 30% D) 90% E) 70% Answer: A) 2...

Which of these concentrations of ethanol would not be effective at killing Streptococcus pyogenes?

Which of these concentrations of ethanol would not be effective at killing Streptococcus pyogenes? A) 100% B) 95% C) 90% D) 80% E) 70% Answer: A)...

Which of these is a physical method to control microbial growth?

Which of these is a physical method to control microbial growth? A) Penicillin B) Autoclaving C) Bleach D) Tincture of Zephiran E) Triclosan Answer: B)...

Which of these refers to controlling microbial growth on living tissue?

Which of these refers to controlling microbial growth on living tissue? A) Sterilization B) Antisepsis C) Disinfection D) Sanitization Answer: B)...

The time during which all cells in a culture are killed by heat is known as the:

The time during which all cells in a culture are killed by heat is known as the: A) Thermal death point B) Thermal death time C) Decimal reduction...

The time needed for a 1 log reduction in a microbial population is called the D value. What percent of exposed bacteria will be killed?

The time needed for a 1 log reduction in a microbial population is called the D value. What percent of exposed bacteria will be killed? A) 99% B)...

The most promising current treatment method to restore the intestinal microbiome from Clostridium difficile is:

The most promising current treatment method to restore the intestinal microbiome from Clostridium difficile is: A) Eating yogurt B) Administration...

When people emigrate to the US, which bacterial species increases in prevalence within their gut microbiome?

When people emigrate to the US, which bacterial species increases in prevalence within their gut microbiome? A) Prevotella B) Lactobacillus C) Escherichia...

Which of the following is an FDA program that is sequencing the genomes of bacteria from foods and environments in order to control foodborne outbreaks?

Which of the following is an FDA program that is sequencing the genomes of bacteria from foods and environments in order to control foodborne outbreaks? A)...

Which of these is a tool that can be used to find regions of local similarity between DNA or protein sequences?

Which of these is a tool that can be used to find regions of local similarity between DNA or protein sequences? A) Origin B) ORF C) BLAST D) DOD E)...

During structural annotation of DNA, the sequence of DNA with a start and stop codon that can potentially encode for a protein is called what?

During structural annotation of DNA, the sequence of DNA with a start and stop codon that can potentially encode for a protein is called what? A)...

Genome data is publicly available on which institutes website?

Genome data is publicly available on which institutes website? A) CDC B) FDA C) USDA D) NCBI E) DOD Answer: D) NC...

Is the following statement true or false: "The human genome contains more genes than the Arabidopsis thaliana genome"?

Is the following statement true or false: "The human genome contains more genes than the Arabidopsis thaliana genome"? A) True B) False Answer: B)...

The first yeast genome was sequenced by a consortium of 74 labs and took how long to complete?

The first yeast genome was sequenced by a consortium of 74 labs and took how long to complete? A) 7 days B) 7 weeks C) 7 months D) 7 years E) 70 years Answer: D)...

The first genome ever sequenced was from which type of organism?

The first genome ever sequenced was from which type of organism? A) Phage B) Archaea C) Bacteria D) Plant E) Human Answer: A) Pha...

Which of these bacteria was the first to have its genome sequenced?

Which of these bacteria was the first to have its genome sequenced? A) Haemophilus influenza B) Escherichia coli C) Lactococcus lactis D) Mycobacterium...

In what country has it been reported the first genetically edited human babies were generated using CRISPR?

In what country has it been reported the first genetically edited human babies were generated using CRISPR? A) USA B) United Kingdom C) Japan D) China E)...

With CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing we may one day be able to remove infectious DNA such as HIV from humans?

With CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing we may one day be able to remove infectious DNA such as HIV from humans? A) True B) False Answer: A) Tr...

Why is the CRISPR system advantageous to genetic engineering?

Why is the CRISPR system advantageous to genetic engineering? A) Precise genetic modifications B) Can genetically modify live cells C) Low price D)...

Bacteria and archaea evolved CRISPR systems to protect them from what?

Bacteria and archaea evolved CRISPR systems to protect them from what? A) Antibiotics B) Bacteriophage (viruses) C) Protozoa D) The immune system E)...

What are the biological components of the CRISPR/Cas9 system used in gene editing?

What are the biological components of the CRISPR/Cas9 system used in gene editing? A) Protein B) RNA C) RNA and DNA D) Protein and RNA E) Protein...

Which of the following can cause mutations in DNA?

Which of the following can cause mutations in DNA? A) UV light B) X rays C) DNA replication D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the abo...

Which of these recombinant proteins can be used to generate fluorescent genetically engineered organisms?

Which of these recombinant proteins can be used to generate fluorescent genetically engineered organisms? A) LacZ B) GFP C) BlaM D) PCR E) BT Answer: B)...

Which of these foods can be produced using traditional fermentations?

Which of these foods can be produced using traditional fermentations? A) Candy B) Milk C) Rice D) Cheese E) Maple syrup Answer: D) Chee...

Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxin genes have been used to genetically engineer which plant?

Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxin genes have been used to genetically engineer which plant? A) Corn B) Alfalfa C) Sugarbeet D) Rose E) Papaya Answer: A)...

Which of these PCR methods can be used to detect viral RNA from Norovirus?

Which of these PCR methods can be used to detect viral RNA from Norovirus? A) PCR B) Real-time PCR C) Reverse transcription PCR D) Colony PCR Answer: C)...

Which one of these is NOT a method to introduce foreign DNA into cells?

Which one of these is NOT a method to introduce foreign DNA into cells? A) Irradiation B) Transformation C) Microinjection D) Electroporation E) Gene...

How many double stranded DNA copies are obtained from one double stranded DNA copy after 4 PCR cycles?

How many double stranded DNA copies are obtained from one double stranded DNA copy after 4 PCR cycles? A) 4 B) 8 C) 16 D) 32 Answer: C) ...

What type of enzyme is used to permanently join together sticky ends from DNA fragments to generate a recombinant DNA molecule?

What type of enzyme is used to permanently join together sticky ends from DNA fragments to generate a recombinant DNA molecule? A) DNA polymerase B)...

HindIII, BamHI and EcoRI are examples of what type of enzyme?

HindIII, BamHI and EcoRI are examples of what type of enzyme? A) DNA polymerase B) Restriction enzyme C) Reverse transcriptase D) DNA ligase E) Cellulase Answer: B)...

PCR uses what enzyme to amplify DNA?

PCR uses what enzyme to amplify DNA? A) DNA polymerase B) Restriction enzyme C) Reverse transcriptase D) DNA ligase E) Cellulase Answer: A)...

What drug can be produced from genetically engineered Escherichia coli to treat diabetes?

What drug can be produced from genetically engineered Escherichia coli to treat diabetes? A) Human growth factor B) Insulin C) Monoclonal antibodies D)...

What is the missing word in this sentence "_________ DNA technology is the process by which a DNA sequence is manipulated in vitro to generate ___________ DNA molecules?

What is the missing word in this sentence "_________ DNA technology is the process by which a DNA sequence is manipulated in vitro to generate ___________...

The Ames test is a method to do what?

The Ames test is a method to do what? A) Identify a bacterial species B) Identify whether a chemical is mutagenic C) Test for bacterial growth on...