Which two antibiotics affect the DNA and RNA of bacteria?

Which two antibiotics affect the DNA and RNA of bacteria?

A. tetracycline and amphotericin B
B. trimethoprim and sulfonamides
C. rifampin and quinolones
D. tetracycline and bacitracin

Answer: C

Which therapeutic index value would be the drug of choice?

Which therapeutic index value would be the drug of choice?

A. 20
B. 10
C. 1
D. 0.1
E. Any value would be equally effective.

Answer: A

If pathogen A is more resistant to an erythromycin disc on a Kirby-Bauer plate compared to pathogen B, then pathogen A will have a(n) _____ zone of inhibition compared to pathogen B.

If pathogen A is more resistant to an erythromycin disc on a Kirby-Bauer plate compared to pathogen B, then pathogen A will have a(n) _____ zone of inhibition compared to pathogen B.

A. smaller
B. equal
C. larger
D. All of the choices are correct.
E. None of the choices is correct.

Answer: A

A ratio of the dose of a drug that is toxic to humans versus the minimum effective dose for that pathogen is assessed to predict the potential for toxic drug reactions. This is called the

A ratio of the dose of a drug that is toxic to humans versus the minimum effective dose for that pathogen is assessed to predict the potential for toxic drug reactions. This is called the

A. Kirby-Bauer.
B. antibiogram.
C. E-test.
D. MIC.
E. therapeutic index (TI).

Answer: E

A clinical microbiologist makes serial dilutions of several antimicrobials in broth and then incubates each drug dilution series with a standard amount of a patient's isolated pathogen. What is this microbiologist setting up?

A clinical microbiologist makes serial dilutions of several antimicrobials in broth and then incubates each drug dilution series with a standard amount of a patient's isolated pathogen. What is this microbiologist setting up?

A. Kirby-Bauer
B. antibiogram
C. E-test
D. MIC
E. therapeutic index (TI)

Answer: D

Drug susceptibility testing determines

Drug susceptibility testing determines

A. the patient's response to various antimicrobials.
B. the pathogen's response to various antimicrobials.
C. if normal flora will be affected by antimicrobials.
D. if the drug is increasing to toxic levels in a patient.
E. None of the choices is correct.


Answer: B

The _____ are drugs that deposit in developing teeth and cause a permanent brown discoloration.

The _____ are drugs that deposit in developing teeth and cause a permanent brown discoloration.

A. streptomycins
B. cephalosporins
C. macrolides
D. tetracyclines
E. penicillins

Answer: D

A superinfection results from

A superinfection results from

A. buildup of a drug to toxic levels in the patient.
B. the wrong drug administered to the patient.
C. an immune system reaction to the drug.
D. decrease in most normal flora with overgrowth of an unaffected species.
E. All of the choices are correct.

Answer: D

Side effects that occur in patient's tissues while on antimicrobial drugs include all the following except

Side effects that occur in patient's tissues while on antimicrobial drugs include all the following except

A. development of resistance to the drug.
B. hepatotoxicity.
C. nephrotoxicity.
D. diarrhea.
E. deafness.

Answer: A

Broad-spectrum drugs that disrupt the body's normal flora often cause

Broad-spectrum drugs that disrupt the body's normal flora often cause

A. nephrotoxicity.
B. superinfections.
C. allergic reactions.
D. drug toxicity.
E. All of the choices are correct.

Answer: B

The use of vaginal inserts of Lactobacillus to restore healthy vaginal biota is an example of

The use of vaginal inserts of Lactobacillus to restore healthy vaginal biota is an example of

A. prebiotics.
B. probiotics.
C. lantibiotics.
D. phytobiotics.
E. riboswitches.

Answer: B

Nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes in the intestines are known as

Nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes in the intestines are known as

A. prebiotics.
B. probiotics.
C. lantibiotics.
D. phytobiotics.
E. riboswitches.

Answer: A

Each of the following contributes to emerging drug resistance except

Each of the following contributes to emerging drug resistance except

A. overuse of antibiotics.
B. improper use of antibiotics.
C. multiple drug therapy.
D. ingestion of antibiotics with animal feed.
E. addition of antibiotics to common household products.

Answer: C

Each of the following is a mechanism for drug resistance transfer between microorganisms except

Each of the following is a mechanism for drug resistance transfer between microorganisms except

A. transposons.
B. R-plasmids.
C. conjugation.
D. mutation.
E. All of the choices provide for transfer of drug resistance.

Answer: D

Each of the following result in drug resistance except

Each of the following result in drug resistance except

A. drug pumped out of the cell.
B. drug used as a nutrient by the cell.
C. drug binding site altered.
D. drug inactivated.
E. drug blocked from entering cell.

Answer: B

Microbial resistance resulting from mutation occurs because

Microbial resistance resulting from mutation occurs because

A. bacterial genomes undergo mutation rapidly.
B. bacterial genomes undergo mutation often.
C. short generation times accumulate mutations in populations.
D. mutations are passed between organisms.
E. All of the choices are correct.

Answer: E

The multidrug-resistant pumps in many bacterial cell membranes function by

The multidrug-resistant pumps in many bacterial cell membranes function by

A. bacterial chromosomal mutations.
B. synthesis of enzymes that alter drug structure.
C. removing the drug from the cell when it enters.
D. alteration of drug receptors on cell targets.
E. All of the choices are correct.

Answer: C

The cellular basis for bacterial resistance to antimicrobials include

The cellular basis for bacterial resistance to antimicrobials include

A. bacterial chromosomal mutations.
B. synthesis of enzymes that alter drug structure.
C. prevention of drug entry into the cell.
D. alteration of drug receptors on cell targets.
E. All of the choices are correct.

Answer: E

Which of the following block HIV binding to host cell receptors?

Which of the following block HIV binding to host cell receptors?

A. AZT
B. acyclovir
C. nevirapine
D. fuzeon
E. amantidine

Answer: D

Acyclovir is used to treat

Acyclovir is used to treat

A. influenza A virus.
B. HIV.
C. herpes simplex virus.
D. respiratory syncytial virus.
E. hepatitis C virus.

Answer: C