Competent cells are cells that _____.

Competent cells are cells that _____.

A. can take up DNA from their surrounding environment and integrate it into their own chromosomes by recombination
B. are killed by heat
C. are also considered "rough-strain" based on colony phenotype
D. have the ability to produce capsules


Answer: A. can take up DNA from their surrounding environment and integrate it into their own chromosomes by recombination

Hfr cells arise when _____.

Hfr cells arise when _____.

A. they have multiple F plasmids
B. a cell's F plasmid has been incorporated into the bacterial chromosome
C. conjugation and transformation happen at the same time
D. bacterial chromosomes do not break during conjugation


Answer: B. a cell's F plasmid has been incorporated into the bacterial chromosome

A gene is best defined as ______.

A gene is best defined as ______.

A. a segment of DNA
B. three nucleotides that code for an amino acid
C. a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product
D. a segment of RNA that codes for a functional product


Answer: C. a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product

tRNA molecules serve as a link between ______.

tRNA molecules serve as a link between ______.

A. DNA and mRNA
B. codons and anticodons
C. codons and amino acids
D. mRNA and rRNA


Answer: C. codons and amino acids

Two daughter cells are most likely to inherit which one of the following from the parent cell?

Two daughter cells are most likely to inherit which one of the following from the parent cell?

A. A change in a nucleotide in mRNA.
B. A change in a nucleotide in tRNA.
C. A change in a nucleotide in rRNA.
D. A change in a nucleotide in DNA.
E. A change in a protein.


Answer: D. A change in a nucleotide in DNA.

Which of these is a mutation?

Which of these is a mutation?

A. A change in the gene that codes for the Lactase enzyme.
B. An error in translation that produces a Lactase enzyme that can also bind to sucrose.
C. Damage to the mRNA molecule that codes for the Lactase enzyme.
D. A transfer of the lactase gene from one cell to another.


Answer: A. A change in the gene that codes for the Lactase enzyme.

A bacterium has received new DNA that does not give it a new ability. Which of the following statements is true?

A bacterium has received new DNA that does not give it a new ability. Which of the following statements is true?

A. There is a change in both the genotype and phenotype.
B. There is a change in the genotype, not the phenotype.
C. There is a change in the phenotype, not the genotype.
D. There is no change in either the genotype or the phenotype.


Answer: B. There is a change in the genotype, not the phenotype.

Which of the following would most likely result in a frameshift mutation?

Which of the following would most likely result in a frameshift mutation?

A. An adenine is inserted into the DNA sequence of an organism
B. A thymine is replaced by a guanine in the DNA sequence of a organism.
C. Three new bases are inserted into the DNA strand
D. Three new bases are deleted from the DNA strand


Answer: A. An adenine is inserted into the DNA sequence of an organism

What is the function of the Parental DNA in replication?

What is the function of the Parental DNA in replication?

A. It is passed into the offspring of the parent.
B. It allows for the DNA to be circular.
C. it gives the cell two complete copies of the DNA.
D. It serves as the template for DNA replication.


Answer: D. It serves as the template for DNA replication.

Which of these is characteristic of nonionizing radiation with respect to the DNA damage?

Which of these is characteristic of nonionizing radiation with respect to the DNA damage?

A. Cause structural damage
B. Causes mismatched base pairing due to structural similarities with nitrogenous bases
C. Causes abnormal base pairing due to thymine dimer formation
D. Causes deletions by breaking covalent bonds in DNA


Answer: C. Causes abnormal base pairing due to thymine dimer formation

Which type of plasmid is most likely to carry the gene for an enzyme that can metabolize the sugar arabinose?

Which type of plasmid is most likely to carry the gene for an enzyme that can metabolize the sugar arabinose?

A. F plasmid
B. R plasmid
C. A dissimulation plasmid
D. An integration plasmid


Answer: C. A dissimulation plasmid

Which of these types of mutations is potentially the least damaging?

Which of these types of mutations is potentially the least damaging?

A. Silent mutations
B. Missense mutations
C.Nonsense mutations


Answer: A. Silent mutations

DNA replication is _____.

DNA replication is _____.

A. Semi conservative
B. Conservative
C. Dispersive
D. Conservative on the lagging strand


Answer: A. Semi conservative

Cells able to accept naked DNA from the surrounding area are said to be ____.

Cells able to accept naked DNA from the surrounding area are said to be ____.

A. Transduction ready
B. Capable
C. Competent
D. Transformable


Answer: C. Competent

Which of the following is not a method of horizontal gene transfer?

Which of the following is not a method of horizontal gene transfer?

A. Binary Fission
B. Conjugation
C. Transfer of DNA via a bacteriophage infection
D. Uptake of DNA from the environment


Answer: A. Binary Fission

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A. DNA polymerase-makes a molecule of DNA from a DNA template
B. RNA polymerase-makes a molecule of DNA from an RNA template
C. Helicase-unwinds double stranded DNA
D. Genome-all the DNA in an organism


Answer: B. RNA polymerase-makes a molecule of DNA from an RNA template

During which process do most mutations occur?

During which process do most mutations occur?

A. DNA replication
B. Transcription
C. Translation
D. Transduction


Answer: A. DNA replication

An enzyme that covalently bonds nucleotides together is _____.

An enzyme that covalently bonds nucleotides together is _____.

A. DNA polymerase
B. RNA polymerase
C. The ribosome
D. Both DNA and RNA polymerase


Answer: D. Both DNA and RNA polymerase

When discussing a microbe's ability to resist an antibiotic, you are talking about the organism's ______.

When discussing a microbe's ability to resist an antibiotic, you are talking about the organism's ______.

A. Genotype
B. Phenotype


Answer: B. Phenotype

A sequence of DNA nucleotides which provides genetic information for a functional product is a _____.

A sequence of DNA nucleotides which provides genetic information for a functional product is a _____.

A. Chromosome
B. Plasmid
C. Gene
D. Base pair


Answer: C. Gene