All of the following are true of poliomyelitis EXCEPT

All of the following are true of poliomyelitis EXCEPT

A) infection is due to ingestion of contaminated water.
B) initial sites of viral replication are the throat and small intestine.
C) most cases result in muscle paralysis.
D) the majority of cases are asymptomatic.
E) the oral polio vaccine contains attenuated strains of the virus


Answer: most cases result in muscle paralysis

All of the following are true of M. leprae EXCEPT

All of the following are true of M. leprae EXCEPT

A) it grows best at temperatures below 37° C.
B) it survives ingestion by macrophages.
C) it invades cells of the PNS.
D) it can be cultured in armadillos.
E) it has a very short generation time of approximately twelve hours


Answer: it has a very short generation time of approximately twelve hours

Which of the following vaccines can cause the disease it is designed to prevent?

Which of the following vaccines can cause the disease it is designed to prevent?

A) tetanus toxoid vaccine
B) oral polio vaccine
C) inactivated polio vaccine
D) Haemophilus influenzae capsule vaccine
E) meningococcal capsule vaccine


Answer: oral polio vaccine

All of the following microorganisms can directly cause meningitis EXCEPT

All of the following microorganisms can directly cause meningitis EXCEPT

A) protozoa.
B) virus.
C) fungi.
D) bacteria.
E) mosquitoes


Answer: mosquitoes

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) tetanus — releases potent neurotoxin
B) botulism — stimulates transmission of nerve impulse
C) poliomyelitis — multiplication of virus occurs in throat and small intestine
D) rabies virus — destroys cells of the CNS
E) leprosy — deformation of nose and hands can occur


Answer: botulism - simulates transmission of nerve impulse

A one-year-old boy was listless, irritable, and sleepy. Capsulated Gram-negative rods were cultured from his cerebrospinal fluid. His symptoms were caused by

A one-year-old boy was listless, irritable, and sleepy. Capsulated Gram-negative rods were cultured from his cerebrospinal fluid. His symptoms were caused by

A) Neisseria meningitidis.
B) rabies.
C) Clostridium tetani.
D) Haemophilus influenzae.
E) a prion.


Answer: Haemophilus influenzae

All of the following are acquired by ingestion EXCEPT

All of the following are acquired by ingestion EXCEPT

A) botulism.
B) cryptococcosis.
C) listeriosis.
D) poliomyelitis.
E) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease


Answer: cryptococcosis

Patients with leprosy usually die from complications such as

Patients with leprosy usually die from complications such as

A) brain damage.
B) loss of nerve function.
C) tuberculosis.
D) pneumonia.
E) cardiac arrest


Answer: tuberculosis

Vaccination is available for all the following EXCEPT

Vaccination is available for all the following EXCEPT

A) Haemophilus meningitis.
B) Neisseria meningitis.
C) tetanus.
D) rabies.
E) botulism.


Answer: botulism

On October 5, a pet store sold a kitten that subsequently died. On October 22, rabies was diagnosed in the kitten. Between September 19 and October 23, the pet store had sold 34 kittens. Approximately 1000 people responded to health care providers following local media alerts. These people were given

On October 5, a pet store sold a kitten that subsequently died. On October 22, rabies was diagnosed in the kitten. Between September 19 and October 23, the pet store had sold 34 kittens. Approximately 1000 people responded to health care providers following local media alerts. These people were given

A) antibiotics.
B) human diploid cell vaccine.
C) immune globulin injections.
D) antiviral medications.
E) postexposure prophylaxis


Answer: postexposure prophylaxis

On June 30, a 47-year-old man was hospitalized with dizziness, blurred vision, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, and nausea. Examination revealed facial paralysis. He reported eating home-canned green beans and stew containing roast beef and potatoes 24 hours before onset of symptoms. The patient should be treated with

On June 30, a 47-year-old man was hospitalized with dizziness, blurred vision, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, and nausea. Examination revealed facial paralysis. He reported eating home-canned green beans and stew containing roast beef and potatoes 24 hours before onset of symptoms. The patient should be treated with

A) antibiotics.
B) toxin.
C) surgery.
D) vaccination.
E) supportive care, including respiratory assistance



Answer: supportive care, including respiratory assistance

Microscopic examination of cerebrospinal fluid reveals gram-positive rods. What is the organism?

Microscopic examination of cerebrospinal fluid reveals gram-positive rods. What is the organism?

A) Haemophilus
B) Listeria
C) Naegleria
D) Neisseria
E) Streptococcus


Answer: listeria

Which of the following is/are a free-living amoeba that can cause encephalitis?

Which of the following is/are a free-living amoeba that can cause encephalitis?

A) Acanthamoeba
B) Naegleria
C) Entamoeba
D) Naegleria and Acanthamoeba
E) Entamoeba and Naegleria


Answer: naegleria and acanthamoeba

Which one of the following causes the most severe illness in humans, with a mortality rate of 30 percent?

Which one of the following causes the most severe illness in humans, with a mortality rate of 30 percent?

A) western equine encephalitis
B) eastern equine encephalitis
C) St. Louis encephalitis
D) California encephalitis
E) West Nile encephalitis


Answer: eastern equine encephalitis

Which of the following is treated with antibiotics?

Which of the following is treated with antibiotics?

A) botulism
B) tetanus
C) streptococcal pneumonia
D) polio
E) All of these diseases can be successfully treated with antibiotics


Answer: streptococcal pneumonia

Diagnosis of rabies is confirmed by

Diagnosis of rabies is confirmed by

A) Gram stain.
B) direct fluorescent-antibody test.
C) patient's symptoms.
D) passive agglutination.
E) patient's death


Answer: direct fluorescent-antibody test

Naegleria fowleri meningoencephalitis is commonly acquired by

Naegleria fowleri meningoencephalitis is commonly acquired by

A) exposure to bird droppings.
B) mosquito bites.
C) swimming in warm ponds or streams.
D) ingestion of water contaminated with fecal material.
E) exposure to body fluids of a contaminated individual


Answer: swimming in warm ponds or streams

Arboviruses cause ________ and are transmitted by ________.

Arboviruses cause ________ and are transmitted by ________.

A) meningitis; bee stings
B) meningitis; mosquitoes
C) encephalitis; dog bites
D) encephalitis; mosquitoes
E) both meningitis and encephalitis; mosquitoes


Answer: encephalitis; mosquitoes

A physician diagnoses a patient with lepromatous Hansen's disease. All of the following pertain to the patient EXCEPT

A physician diagnoses a patient with lepromatous Hansen's disease. All of the following pertain to the patient EXCEPT

A) disfiguring nodules form all over the body.
B) the disease has progressed from the tuberculoid stage.
C) a skin biopsy will be taken to aid diagnosis.
D) treatment will include injections of penicillin.
E) infection probably occurred as a result of prolonged contact with another infected individual


Answer: treatment will include injections of penicillin

All of the following are true of chronic fatigue syndrome EXCEPT

All of the following are true of chronic fatigue syndrome EXCEPT

A) it may have a genetic component.
B) it is also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis.
C) it is a psychological disorder.
D) it often begins with flu-like symptoms that do not go away.
E) it may be triggered by a viral infection


Answer: it is a psychological disorder