Microbiology Chapter 5
Showing posts with label Microbiology Chapter 5. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Microbiology Chapter 5. Show all posts

How is ATP produced during non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

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How is ATP produced during non-cyclic photophosphorylation?



A. Substrate-level phosphorylation
B. Oxidative phosphorylation
C. Photophosphorylation
D. Both substrate-level phosphorylation and photophosphorylation
E. Both substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation


Answer: C. Photophosphorylation

What is the general function of NADH?

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What is the general function of NADH?



A. To generate ATP.
B. To transport protons across the membrane.
C. To transport electrons to the ETC.
D. To phosphorylate glucose.
E. To reduce oxygen.


Answer: C. To transport electrons to the ETC.

How is ATP produced during aerobic respiration?

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How is ATP produced during aerobic respiration?



A. Substrate-level phosphorylation
B. Oxidative phosphorylation
C. photophosphorylation
D. Both substrate-level phosphorylation and photophosphorylation.
E. Both substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.


Answer: E. Both substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.

If an enzyme is a holoenzyme, you know that ___________.

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If an enzyme is a holoenzyme, you know that ___________.



A. It can work in acidic conditions
B. A cofactor is present.
C. It consists entirely of amino acids.
D. It can catalyze one or more different types of reactions.


Answer: B. A cofactor is present.

According to the chemiosmotic mechanism, ATP is generated when ____.

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According to the chemiosmotic mechanism, ATP is generated when ____.



A. A high-energy phosphate group is transferred from an intermediate metabolite to ADP.
B. Electrons are transferred between carrier molecules.
C. Protons are moved across a membrane.
D. Chlorophyll liberates an electron.
E. Glucose is oxidized.


Answer: C. Protons are moved across a membrane.

Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation?

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Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation?



A. The energy released in the oxidation of electron carrier molecules is used to generate ATP via a gradient.
B. The direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP.
C. Energy from electrons is used to oxidize glucose.
D. Generation of ATP with the use of oxygen.


Answer: A. The energy released in the oxidation of electron carrier molecules is used to generate ATP via a gradient.

Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation?

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Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation?



A. The production of ethyl alcohol from glucose.
B. The oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors.
C. The reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid.
D. The complete catabolism of glucose to carbon dioxide and water.


Answer: B. The oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors.

Non-competitive inhibition occurs when _____.

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Non-competitive inhibition occurs when _____.



A. The inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme.
B. The inhibitor binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme.
C. The inhibitor destroys the enzyme.
D. The inhibitor is acted upon by the enzyme.


Answer: B. The inhibitor binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme.

Competitive inhibition occurs when _____.

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Competitive inhibition occurs when _____.



A. The inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme.
B. The inhibitor binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme.
C. The inhibitor changes the shape of the enzyme.
D. The inhibitor is acted upon by the enzyme.

Answer: A. The inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme.

Butyric acid fermentation _____.

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Butyric acid fermentation _____.



A. Metabolizes butyric acid.
B. Produces butyric acid.
C. Occurs independently of glycolysis.
D. Requires oxygen.
E. Works best without oxygen.


Answer: B. Produces butyric acid.

Which of the following statements are true?

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Which of the following statements are true?



1 - Electron carriers are located at ribosomes.
2 - ATP is used to couple catabolic and anabolic pathways.
3 - ATP is used for the long-term storage of energy and so is often found in storage granules.
4 - Anaerobic organisms are capable of generating ATP via respiration.
5 - ATP can be generated by the flow of protons across protein channels.


A. 2, 4, 5
B. 1, 3, 4
C. 2, 3, 5
D. 1, 2, 3
E. All of the statements are true.


Answer: A. 2, 4, 5

Which of the following statements is true about enzymes?

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Which of the following statements is true about enzymes?



A. Increasing temperature can change the substrates that can bind to the active site.
B. Decreasing temperature will speed up enzymatic reactions.
C. Apoproteins alone are nonfunctional.
D. A coenzyme is made of amino acids.


Answer: Apoproteins alone are nonfunctional.

Which of the following does not define fermentation?

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Which of the following does not define fermentation?



A. Fermentation releases energy from sugars or other organic molecules.
B. Fermentation does not require oxygen, and can occur in the presence of oxygen.
C. Fermentation produces only small amounts of ATP (one or two ATP molecules for each molecule of starting material).
D. Fermentation requires the use of the Krebs cycle or an electron transport chain.


Answer: D. Fermentation requires the use of the Krebs cycle or an electron transport chain.
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