Which protein can be produced by a virus-infected cell, in order to communicate with other cells the need to produce antiviral proteins?

Which protein can be produced by a virus-infected cell, in order to communicate with other cells the need to produce antiviral proteins?

A. complement
B. albumin
C. interferon
D. histamine



Answer: C

During what process are hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide produced to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication?

During what process are hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide produced to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication?

A. inflammation
B. phagocytosis
C. interferon production
D. complement production
E. bradykinin

Answer: B

What is the first step in the major events of the inflammation process?

What is the first step in the major events of the inflammation process?

A. formation of pus and edema
B. scar formation and/or resolution
C. vascular reactions
D. injury and mast cells releasing chemical mediators
E. activation of the complement system

Answer: D

The _____ system of blood proteins acts to lyse foreign cells and viruses.

The _____ system of blood proteins acts to lyse foreign cells and viruses.

A. humoral immunity
B. cell-mediated
C. complement
D. lymphoid
E. None of the choices is correct.

Answer: C

The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves

The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves

A. initiation of the cascade.
B. production of inflammatory cytokines.
C. a ring-shaped protein that digests holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes.
D. cleaving of C3 to yield C3a and C3b.
E. C1q binding to surface receptors on a membrane.

Answer: C

Which of the following is incorrect about complement?

Which of the following is incorrect about complement?

A. is composed of at least 20 blood proteins
B. only appears in the blood during a response to a pathogen
C. acts in a cascade reaction
D. involves a classical pathway
E. involves an alternate pathway

Answer: B

All of the following pertain to interferon except it

All of the following pertain to interferon except it

A. is a protein.
B. is produced by certain white blood cells and tissue cells.
C. includes alpha, beta, and gamma types.
D. inhibits viruses, tumors, and cancer gene expression.
E. increases capillary permeability and vasodilation.

Answer: E

Which of the following is a chemical used by phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances?

Which of the following is a chemical used by phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances?

A. hydrogen peroxide
B. nitric oxide
C. lactic acid
D. superoxide anion
E. All of these are used.

Answer: E

What type of molecules act to draw phagocytes to foreign substances?

What type of molecules act to draw phagocytes to foreign substances?

A. MALTs
B. RES
C. PAMPs
D. BALTs
E. lysosomes

Answer: C

Which of the following is not an event of phagocytosis?

Which of the following is not an event of phagocytosis?

A. diapedesis
B. chemotaxis
C. phagolysosome formation
D. destruction
E. ingestion

Answer: A

Which of the following is not a type of phagocyte?

Which of the following is not a type of phagocyte?

A. neutrophil
B. macrophage
C. Kupffer cell
D. monocyte
E. lymphocyte

Answer: E

Each of the following are benefits of fever except it

Each of the following are benefits of fever except it

A. reduces the ability of temperature-sensitive organisms to multiply.
B. increases the availability of iron.
C. increases phagocytosis.
D. increases metabolism.
E. stimulates hematopoiesis.

Answer: B

A person will typically experience the sensation of _____ when fever is starting to occur in the body.

A person will typically experience the sensation of _____ when fever is starting to occur in the body.

A. heat
B. pain
C. chill
D. sweat
E. All of the choices are correct.

Answer: C

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are

A. complement.
B. interferons.
C. leukotrines.
D. pyrogens.
E. lysozymes.

Answer: D

Which of the following is not a chief function of inflammation?

Which of the following is not a chief function of inflammation?

A. start tissue repair
B. destroy microbes
C. mobilize and attract immune components to injury site
D. block further invasion
E. cause a fever




Answer: E

Which of the following is mismatched dealing with inflammation?

Which of the following is mismatched dealing with inflammation?

A. rubor - redness
B. calor - warmth
C. tumor - cancer
D. dolar - pain
E. None of these is mismatched.

Answer: C

The leakage of excess fluid into tissues is called

The leakage of excess fluid into tissues is called

A. chemotaxis.
B. edema.
C. diapedesis.
D. vasoactivity.
E. pus.

Answer: B

Each of the following is involved in the migration of white blood cells except

Each of the following is involved in the migration of white blood cells except

A. chemotaxis.
B. diapedesis.
C. motility.
D. vasodilatation.
E. phagocytosis.

Answer: E

Histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin are all

Histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin are all

A. vasoactive mediators.
B. mediators of B-cell activity.
C. mediators of T-cell activity.
D. mediators that increase chemotaxis.
E. fever inducers.

Answer: A

Which of the following is mismatched?

Which of the following is mismatched?

A. interferon alpha and beta - inhibits viral replication
B. interleukin-2 - stimulates T-cell mitosis and B-cell antibody production
C. serotonin - causes smooth muscle contraction
D. prostaglandins - activate eosinophils and B cells
E. tumor necrosis factor - increases chemotaxis and phagocytosis

Answer: D