Microbiology Chapter 17 True and False

1) Apoptosis results in significant leakage of cellular contents.

Answer: FALSE

2) Cytokines are protein-based chemical messengers that allow for communication between cells of the immune system.

Answer: TRUE

3) Only dendritic cells produce interleukins.

Answer: FALSE

4) The production of interferons at an infection site is critical for chemotaxis.

Answer: FALSE

5) Cytokine storms negatively impact human health.

Answer: TRUE

6) The variable region of the antibody is solely responsible the significant diversity of antigen targets.

Answer: FALSE

7) Plasma cells will eventually differentiate into memory cells.

Answer: FALSE

8) Memory cells do not require B cell receptors.

Answer: FALSE

9) The implementation of vaccinations occurred prior to experimental support for the germ theory of disease.

Answer: TRUE

10) When haptens attach to carrier molecules, an epitope forms on hapten which then can be bound to antibody.

Answer: FALSE

Which of the following statements about IL-12 is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about IL-12 is FALSE?

A) It activates macrophages.
B) It inhibits some tumor cells.
C) It activates the TH1 pathway.
D) It causes autoimmune diseases.
E) It causes TH cells to respond to HIV.


Answer: D) It causes autoimmune diseases.

IL-2, produced by TH cells,

IL-2, produced by TH cells,

A) activates macrophages.
B) stimulates TH cell maturation.
C) causes phagocytosis.
D) activates antigen-presenting cells.
E) activates TC cells to CTLs.


Answer: B) stimulates TH cell maturation.

ADCC is a process that is most effective in destroying

ADCC is a process that is most effective in destroying

A) eukaryotic pathogens.
B) virus-infected host cells.
C) extracellular viruses.
D) bacterial pathogens.
E) bacterial toxins.


Answer: A) eukaryotic pathogens.

A Treg cell deficiency could result in

A Treg cell deficiency could result in

A) increased number of viral infections.
B) increased number of bacterial infections.
C) autoimmunity.
D) increased severity of bacterial infections.
E) transplant rejection.


Answer: C) autoimmunity.

An antibody's Fc region can be bound by

An antibody's Fc region can be bound by

A) antibodies.
B) macrophages.
C) T helper cells.
D) B cells.
E) CTLs.


Answer: B) macrophages.

Which of the following statements about natural killer cells is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about natural killer cells is FALSE?

A) They destroy virus-infected cells.
B) They destroy tumor cells.
C) They destroy cells lacking MHC I.
D) They are stimulated by an antigen.
E) None of the answers are correct; all of these statements are true.


Answer: D) They are stimulated by an antigen.

Thymic selection

Thymic selection

A) destroys T cells that do not recognize self-molecules of MHC.
B) destroys B cells that make antibodies against self.
C) destroys MHC molecules.
D) destroys CD4+ cells that attack self.
E) activates B cells.


Answer: A) destroys T cells that do not recognize self-molecules of MHC.

At a minimum, the human immune system is capable of recognizing approximately how many different antigens?

At a minimum, the human immune system is capable of recognizing approximately how many different antigens?

A) 105
B) 1010
C) 1015
D) 1020
E) 1025


Answer: C) 1015

Which one of the following causes transmembrane channels in target cells?

Which one of the following causes transmembrane channels in target cells?

A) granzymes
B) hapten
C) IL-1
D) IL-2
E) perforin


Answer: E) perforin

Cytokines released by TH1 cells

Cytokines released by TH1 cells

A) activate CD8+ cells to CTLs.
B) convert TH1 cells to TH2 cells.
C) convert TH2 cells to TH1 cells.
D) kill parasites.
E) convert B cells to T cells.


Answer: A) activate CD8+ cells to CTLs.

The following events occur in cellular immunity. What is the third step?

The following events occur in cellular immunity. What is the third step?

A) Antibodies are produced.
B) Dendritic cell takes up antigen.
C) Antigen enters M cell.
D) TH cell produces cytokines.
E) TH cells proliferate.


Answer: E) TH cells proliferate.

Which of the following destroys virus-infected cells?

Which of the following destroys virus-infected cells?

A) CTL
B) Treg
C) TH
D) dendritic cells
E) B cells


Answer: A) CTL

The presence of which of the following indicates a current infection rather than a previous infection or vaccination?

The presence of which of the following indicates a current infection rather than a previous infection or vaccination?

A) IgA
B) IgG
C) IgM
D) IgD
E) IgE


Answer: C) IgM

Which of the following bacterial components would most likely result in B cell stimulation by T-independent antigens?

Which of the following bacterial components would most likely result in B cell stimulation by T-independent antigens?

A) capsule
B) flagellum
C) pili
D) ribosome
E) plasmid


Answer: A) capsule

In Figure 17.2, what can attach to a host cell?

In Figure 17.2, what can attach to a host cell?

A) a and c
B) b and c
C) b
D) a and d
E) e


Answer: E) e

In Figure 17.2, which areas represent antigen-binding sites?

In Figure 17.2, which areas represent antigen-binding sites?

A) a and b
B) a and c
C) b and c
D) c and d
E) b and d


Answer: A) a and b

In Figure 17.2, which areas are different for all IgM antibodies?

In Figure 17.2, which areas are different for all IgM antibodies?

A) a and b
B) a and c
C) b and c
D) c and d


Answer: A) a and b

In Figure 17.2, which areas are similar for all IgG antibodies?

In Figure 17.2, which areas are similar for all IgG antibodies?

A) a and b
B) a and c
C) b and c
D) c and d
E) b and d


Answer: D) c and d

The following events elicit an antibody response. What is the third step?

The following events elicit an antibody response. What is the third step?

A) Antigen-digest goes to surface of APC.
B) APC phagocytizes antigen.
C) B cell is activated.
D) TH cell recognizes antigen-digest and MHC II.
E) TH cell produces cytokines.


Answer: D) TH cell recognizes antigen-digest and MHC II.