The relative risks shown in Table 25.1 were calculated for foods suspected of transmitting Salmonella. Which food is the most likely source of infection?

The relative risks shown in Table 25.1 were calculated for foods suspected of transmitting Salmonella. Which food is the most likely source of infection?

A) black beans
B) corn soup
C) jalapeño peppers
D) roma tomatoes
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided


Answer: jalapeño peppers

Following a county fair, 160 persons complained of gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptoms included diarrhea (84 percent), abdominal cramps (96 percent), nausea (84 percent), vomiting (82 percent), body aches (50 percent), fever (60 percent; median body temperature = 38.3°C); median duration of illness 6 days (range 10 hr to 13 days).

Following a county fair, 160 persons complained of gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptoms included diarrhea (84 percent), abdominal cramps (96 percent), nausea (84 percent), vomiting (82 percent), body aches (50 percent), fever (60 percent; median body temperature = 38.3°C); median duration of illness 6 days (range 10 hr to 13 days).

In Situation 25.1, fecal samples should be cultured for all of the following EXCEPT

A) Salmonella enterica.
B) Shigella spp.
C) Campylobacter jejuni.
D) enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.
E) Giardia lamblia


Answer: Giardia lamblia

In Situation 25.1, fecal samples were found to be negative when cultured. The next step in diagnosing the cause of illness would be

A) to begin antibiotic therapy.
B) blood cultures.
C) microscopic examination of feces for oocysts.
D) microscopic examination of feces for viruses.
E) muscle biopsy.


Answer: microscopic examination of feces for oocysts

Which of the following is mismatched?

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) beef — E. coli O157:H7
B) custard and cream pies — Staphylococcus aureus
C) eggs — Trichinella spiralis
D) chicken — Campylobacter jejuni
E) oysters — Vibrio parahaemolyticus


Answer: eggs - trichinella spiralis

What is a Dane particle?

What is a Dane particle?

A) the chlorine-resistant virus that causes HAV
B) the infectious virion that causes HBV
C) the spherical particles found in serum of patients with HBV
D) the filamentous particles that cause HAV
E) another name for an HBV surface antigen


Answer: the infectious virion that causes HBV

All of the following pertain to pinworm infections EXCEPT

All of the following pertain to pinworm infections EXCEPT

A) transmission is typically by contact with fomites or inhalation of eggs.
B) diagnosis is by detecting eggs on transparent tape pressed to the perianal area.
C) all family members living with the patient must also be treated.
D) it is most commonly transmitted by cysts in water.
E) it is a helminth disease


Answer: it is most commonly transmitted by cysts in water

All of the following are eukaryotic organisms that cause diarrheal disease EXCEPT

All of the following are eukaryotic organisms that cause diarrheal disease EXCEPT

A) Cryptosporidium.
B) Cyclospora.
C) Entamoeba.
D) Giardia.
E) Campylobacter


Answer: Campylobacter

Helicobacter pylori can grow in the stomach because it

Helicobacter pylori can grow in the stomach because it

A) hides in macrophages.
B) makes a capsule.
C) possesses an enzyme that neutralizes HCl.
D) makes HCl.
E) invades epithelial cells


Answer: possesses an enzyme that neutralizes HCl

All of the following are gram-negative rods that cause gastroenteritis EXCEPT

All of the following are gram-negative rods that cause gastroenteritis EXCEPT

A) Clostridium perfringens.
B) Escherichia coli.
C) Salmonella typhi.
D) Shigella spp.
E) Yersinia enterocolitica


Answer: Clostridium perfringens

Which of the following pertains to typhoid fever?

Which of the following pertains to typhoid fever?

A) It is acquired via ingestion of contaminated meat.
B) Enterotoxin spreads via the blood.
C) It is caused by several different species of Salmonella.
D) Causative microorganism multiplies in patient phagocytes.
E) It is also called bacillary dysentery


Answer: Causative microorganism multiples in patient phagocytes

Microscopic examination of a patient's fecal culture shows spiral bacteria. The bacteria probably belong to the genus

Microscopic examination of a patient's fecal culture shows spiral bacteria. The bacteria probably belong to the genus

A) Campylobacter jejuni.
B) Escherichia coli.
C) Salmonella typhi.
D) Shigella spp.
E) Vibrio cholerae


Answer: Campylobacter jejuni

Which of the following is included in GALT?

Which of the following is included in GALT?

A) thymus
B) Peyer's patches
C) tonsils
D) liver
E) salivary glands


Answer: Peyer's patches

A 38-year-old man had onset of fever, chills, nausea, and myalgia while vacationing on the Gulf of Mexico. On April 29, he had eaten raw oysters and gone wading in the warm coastal waters. On May 2, he was admitted to a hospital because of a fever of 39°C and two circular necrotic lesions on the left leg. He had a history of alcoholic liver disease. He was transferred to the ICU; therapy with antibiotics was initiated. On May 4, he died. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

A 38-year-old man had onset of fever, chills, nausea, and myalgia while vacationing on the Gulf of Mexico. On April 29, he had eaten raw oysters and gone wading in the warm coastal waters. On May 2, he was admitted to a hospital because of a fever of 39°C and two circular necrotic lesions on the left leg. He had a history of alcoholic liver disease. He was transferred to the ICU; therapy with antibiotics was initiated. On May 4, he died. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

A) Bacillus cereus
B) Cyclospora cayetanensis
C) Salmonella typhi
D) Vibrio vulnificus
E) hepatitis C virus


Answer: Vibrio vulnificus

Which of the following correctly lists the stages of tooth decay?

Which of the following correctly lists the stages of tooth decay?

A) plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp
B) decay in dentin, plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in tooth pulp
C) plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, decay in tooth pulp, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin
D) destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, plaque accumulation, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp
E) destruction of enamel, plaque accumulation, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp


Answer: plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp

The most common mode of HAV transmission is

The most common mode of HAV transmission is

A) contamination of food during preparation.
B) contamination of food before it reaches a food service establishment.
C) blood transfusion.
D) contaminated hypodermic needles.
E) airborne.


Answer: contamination of food during preparation

Bacterial intoxications differ from bacterial infections of the digestive system in that intoxications

Bacterial intoxications differ from bacterial infections of the digestive system in that intoxications

A) are transmitted via contaminated water.
B) are more severe.
C) have shorter incubation times.
D) are treated with antibiotics.
E) are accompanied by high fever


Answer: have shorter incubation times

Which of the following is mismatched?

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) ergot — gangrene
B) Salmonella endotoxin — lyses red blood cells
C) Vibrio enterotoxin — secretion of Cl-, K+, and H2O
D) aflatoxin — liver cancer
E) shiga toxin — tissue destruction


Answer: Salmonella endotoxin - lyses red blood cells

Dental plaque is an example of

Dental plaque is an example of

A) a pellicle.
B) a biofilm.
C) gingivitis.
D) dentin.
E) tooth enamel


Answer: a biofilm

Many bacterial infections of the lower digestive tract are treated with

Many bacterial infections of the lower digestive tract are treated with

A) antitoxin.
B) penicillin.
C) water and electrolytes.
D) quinacrine.
E) thorough cooking


Answer: water and electrolytes

Epidemics related to bacterial infection of the digestive system are typically caused by

Epidemics related to bacterial infection of the digestive system are typically caused by

A) biological vectors.
B) contaminated food and water.
C) unpasteurized milk.
D) the respiratory route.
E) exposure to contaminated soil


Answer: contaminated food and water

"Rice water stools" are characteristic of

"Rice water stools" are characteristic of

A) salmonellosis.
B) cholera.
C) bacillary dysentery.
D) amebic dysentery.
E) tapeworm infestation


Answer: cholera