How is ATP produced during non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

How is ATP produced during non-cyclic photophosphorylation? A. Substrate-level phosphorylation B. Oxidative phosphorylation C. Photophosphorylation D....

Increasing the concentration of substrate can overcome the effects of a competitive inhibitor.

Increasing the concentration of substrate can overcome the effects of a competitive inhibitor.  A. True B. False Answer: A. Tr...

What is the general function of NADH?

What is the general function of NADH? A. To generate ATP. B. To transport protons across the membrane. C. To transport electrons to the ETC. D. To...

2 molecules of ATP are generated by _______ during glycolysis.

2 molecules of ATP are generated by _______ during glycolysis. A. Substrate-level phosphorylation B. Oxidative phosphorylation C. photophosphorylation D....

The process of generating ATP using a proton gradient is referred to as _____.

The process of generating ATP using a proton gradient is referred to as _____. A. The electron transport chain B. Chemiosmosis C. Water damming D....

How is ATP produced during aerobic respiration?

How is ATP produced during aerobic respiration? A. Substrate-level phosphorylation B. Oxidative phosphorylation C. photophosphorylation D. Both substrate-level...

What is the most important product of the Krebs cycle?

What is the most important product of the Krebs cycle? A. ATP B. NADH C. CO2 D. NADPH E. Glucose Answer: B. NA...

If an enzyme is a holoenzyme, you know that ___________.

If an enzyme is a holoenzyme, you know that ___________. A. It can work in acidic conditions B. A cofactor is present. C. It consists entirely of...

Which of the following compounds is not an enzyme?

Which of the following compounds is not an enzyme? A. Dehydrogenase B. Coenzyme A C. Alpha-galactosidase D. Cellulase Answer: B. Coenzyme...

According to the chemiosmotic mechanism, ATP is generated when ____.

According to the chemiosmotic mechanism, ATP is generated when ____. A. A high-energy phosphate group is transferred from an intermediate metabolite...

Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation?

Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation? A. The energy released in the oxidation of electron carrier molecules...

Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation?

Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation? A. The production of ethyl alcohol from glucose. B. The oxidation of glucose with organic...

Non-competitive inhibition occurs when _____.

Non-competitive inhibition occurs when _____. A. The inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme. B. The inhibitor binds to the allosteric site...

Competitive inhibition occurs when _____.

Competitive inhibition occurs when _____. A. The inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme. B. The inhibitor binds to the allosteric site of...

Butyric acid fermentation _____.

Butyric acid fermentation _____. A. Metabolizes butyric acid. B. Produces butyric acid. C. Occurs independently of glycolysis. D. Requires oxygen. E....

Which of the following statements are true?

Which of the following statements are true? 1 - Electron carriers are located at ribosomes. 2 - ATP is used to couple catabolic and anabolic pathways. 3...

An enzyme, citrate synthase, in the Krebs cycle is inhibited by ATP. This is an example of all of the following except _____.

An enzyme, citrate synthase, in the Krebs cycle is inhibited by ATP. This is an example of all of the following except _____. A. Allosteric inhibition B....

Which of the following statements is true about enzymes?

Which of the following statements is true about enzymes? A. Increasing temperature can change the substrates that can bind to the active site. B....

The reactions involved in producing larger compounds from smaller compounds are part of _____.

The reactions involved in producing larger compounds from smaller compounds are part of _____. A. Metabolism B. Anabolism C. Catabolism D. Glycolysis Answer: B....

Which of the following does not define fermentation?

Which of the following does not define fermentation? A. Fermentation releases energy from sugars or other organic molecules. B. Fermentation does...

Which of the following does not generate ATP?

Which of the following does not generate ATP? A. Cyclic photophosphorylation B. Noncyclic photophosphorylation C. The Calvin-Benson Cycle D. The Krebs...

How many different kinds of reactions can an enzyme catalyze?

How many different kinds of reactions can an enzyme catalyze? A. 1 B. 2 C. 10 D. Many Answer: A....

Anaerobic respiration could be performed by which of the following final electron acceptors?

Anaerobic respiration could be performed by which of the following final electron acceptors? A. Oxygen B. Pyruvic acid C. Nitrate D. Glucose Answer: A....

What is the fate of electrons in non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

What is the fate of electrons in non-cyclic photophosphorylation? A. Reduce oxygen to water. B. Reduce oxygen to carbon dioxide. C. Oxidize oxygen...

An enzyme consisting of a protein combined with a non-protein cofactor is known as a(n) ____.

An enzyme consisting of a protein combined with a non-protein cofactor is known as a(n) ____. A. Simple enzyme B. Apoenzyme C. Holoenzyme D. Coenzyme E....

Which one of the following is most resistant to chemical biocides?

Which one of the following is most resistant to chemical biocides?  A) gram-negative bacteria B) gram-positive bacteria C) mycobacteria D) protozoan...

Bone and tendons for transplant are decontaminated by

Bone and tendons for transplant are decontaminated by  A) ethylene oxide. B) glutaraldehyde. C) peroxygens. D) plasma sterilization. E) supercritical...

If you were preparing nutrient agar at home and did not have an autoclave, what could you use to sterilize the nutrient agar?

If you were preparing nutrient agar at home and did not have an autoclave, what could you use to sterilize the nutrient agar? A) bleach B) boiling...

The preservation of beef jerky from microbial growth relies on which method of microbial control?

The preservation of beef jerky from microbial growth relies on which method of microbial control? A) filtration B) lyophilization C) desiccation D)...

All of the following are methods of food preservation EXCEPT

All of the following are methods of food preservation EXCEPT A) desiccation. B) high pressure. C) ionizing radiation. D) microwaves. E) osmotic p...

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) ionizing radiation — hydroxyl radicals B) ozone — takes electrons from substances C) plasma sterilization...

All of the following are effective for destroying prions EXCEPT

All of the following are effective for destroying prions EXCEPT A) boiling. B) incineration. C) NaOH + autoclaving at 134°C. D) proteases. E) None...

In Table 7.3, which disinfectant was most effective against Salmonella?

In Table 7.3, which disinfectant was most effective against Salmonella? A) Doom B) K.O. C) Mortum D) Sterl E) The answer cannot be determined based...

In Table 7.3, which disinfectant was bactericidal?

In Table 7.3, which disinfectant was bactericidal? A) Doom B) K.O. C) Mortum D) Sterl E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information...

In Table 7.3, which disinfectant is the most effective at stopping bacterial growth?

In Table 7.3, which disinfectant is the most effective at stopping bacterial growth? A) Doom B) K.O. C) Mortum D) Sterl E) The answer cannot be determined...

All of the following substances are used to preserve foods EXCEPT

All of the following substances are used to preserve foods EXCEPT A) biguanides. B) nisin. C) potassium sorbate. D) sodium nitrite. E) calcium pr...

Ethylene oxide

Ethylene oxide A) is a good antiseptic. B) is not sporicidal. C) requires high heat to be effective. D) is a sterilizing agent. E) is the active chemical...

An iodophor is a(n)

An iodophor is a(n)  A) phenol. B) agent that reduces oxygen. C) quaternary ammonium compound. D) form of formaldehyde. E) iodine mixed with...

Which graph in Figure 7.2 best depicts the effect of placing the culture at 7°C at time x?

Which graph in Figure 7.2 best depicts the effect of placing the culture at 7°C at time x? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e Answer: ...

Which graph in Figure 7.2 best depicts the effect of placing the culture in an autoclave for 15 minutes at time x?

Which graph in Figure 7.2 best depicts the effect of placing the culture in an autoclave for 15 minutes at time x? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e Ans...

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) Ag — wound dressings B) alcohols — open wounds C) CuSO4 — algicide D) H2O2 — open wounds E) organic...

Which of the following results in lethal damage to nucleic acids?

Which of the following results in lethal damage to nucleic acids? A) heat B) radiation C) certain chemicals D) heat and radiation E) heat, radiation,...

Which of the following regarding antimicrobial control agents is FALSE?

Which of the following regarding antimicrobial control agents is FALSE? A) Contaminating organic debris such as blood or sputum will decrease effectiveness. B)...

Which of the following could be used to sterilize plastic Petri plates in a plastic wrapper?

Which of the following could be used to sterilize plastic Petri plates in a plastic wrapper? A) autoclave B) gamma radiation C) microwaves D) sunlight E)...

Which of the following treatments is the most effective for controlling microbial growth?

Which of the following treatments is the most effective for controlling microbial growth? A) 63°C for 30 minutes B) 72°C for 15 seconds C) 140°C for...

All of the following factors contribute to hospital-acquired infections EXCEPT

All of the following factors contribute to hospital-acquired infections EXCEPT A) some bacteria metabolize disinfectants. B) gram-negative bacteria...

Which concentration of ethanol is the most effective bactericide?

Which concentration of ethanol is the most effective bactericide? A) 100 percent B) 70 percent C) 50 percent D) 40 percent E) 30 percent Answer...

Which of the following methods is used to preserve food by slowing the metabolic processes of foodborne microbes?

Which of the following methods is used to preserve food by slowing the metabolic processes of foodborne microbes?  A) lyophilization B) nonionizing...

All of the following substances are effective against nonenveloped viruses EXCEPT

All of the following substances are effective against nonenveloped viruses EXCEPT  A) alcohol. B) chlorine. C) ethylene oxide. D) ozone. E) None...

Disinfection of water is achieved by all of the following EXCEPT

Disinfection of water is achieved by all of the following EXCEPT  A) ozone. B) UV radiation. C) chlorine. D) copper sulfate. E) peracetic ac...

Oxidizing agents include all of the following EXCEPT

Oxidizing agents include all of the following EXCEPT A) chlorine. B) glutaraldehyde. C) hydrogen peroxide. D) iodine. E) ozone. Answer: ...

Which of the following disinfectants acts by disrupting the plasma membrane?

Which of the following disinfectants acts by disrupting the plasma membrane?  A) soaps B) aldehydes C) bisphenols D) halogens E) heavy metal...

Application of heat to living cells can result in all of the following EXCEPT

Application of heat to living cells can result in all of the following EXCEPT A) breaking of hydrogen bonds. B) alteration of membrane permeability. C)...

An agent used to reduce the number of bacteria on a toilet would most accurately be called a(n)

An agent used to reduce the number of bacteria on a toilet would most accurately be called a(n)  A) disinfectant. B) antiseptic. C) aseptic. D)...

Which of the following is a limitation of the autoclave?

Which of the following is a limitation of the autoclave? A) It requires an excessively long time to achieve sterilization. B) It cannot inactivate...

Which of the following does NOT achieve sterilization?

Which of the following does NOT achieve sterilization?  A) dry heat B) pasteurization C) autoclave D) supercritical fluids E) ethylene oxide...

Which of the following regarding antimicrobial control agents is FALSE?

Which of the following regarding antimicrobial control agents is FALSE?  A) Contaminating organic debris such as blood or sputum decrease effectiveness. B)...

The antimicrobial activity of chlorine is due to which of the following?

The antimicrobial activity of chlorine is due to which of the following? A) the formation of hypochlorous acid B) the formation of hydrochloric acid C)...

Which of the following pairs of terms is mismatched?

Which of the following pairs of terms is mismatched? A) bacteriostatic — kills vegetative bacterial cells B) germicide - kills microbes C) virucide...

Which of the following substances is used for surgical hand scrubs?

Which of the following substances is used for surgical hand scrubs?  A) phenol B) chlorine bleach C) chlorhexidine D) soap E) glutaraldehyde...

Which of the following chemical agents is used for sterilization?

Which of the following chemical agents is used for sterilization?  A) alcohol B) phenolics C) ethylene oxide D) chlorine E) soap Answer:&n...

Which of the following best describes the pattern of microbial death?

Which of the following best describes the pattern of microbial death?  A) The cells in a population die at a constant rate. B) All the cells...

Which of the following is the best method to sterilize heat-labile solutions?

Which of the following is the best method to sterilize heat-labile solutions? A) dry heat B) autoclave C) membrane filtration D) pasteurization E)...

Select the correct statement about active and passive immunity.

Select the correct statement about active and passive immunity.  A) Immunological memory is established by passive immunization. B) A vaccination...

Select the correct definition about tissue grafts.

Select the correct definition about tissue grafts. A) Isografts are between identical twins. B) Allografts are between different species. C) Xenografts...

Natural killer (NK) cells ________.

Natural killer (NK) cells ________. A) are also called cytotoxic T cells B) are a type of phagocyte C) are cells of the adaptive immune system D)...

Clonal selection of B cells ________.

Clonal selection of B cells ________. A) occurs during fetal development B) results in the formation of plasma cells C) cannot occur in the presence...

Fever ________.

Fever ________. A) is a higher-than-normal body temperature that is always dangerous B) decreases the metabolic rate of the body to conserve energy C)...

What is the role of interferon in defense against disease?

What is the role of interferon in defense against disease? A) protects cells that have not yet been infected by viruses B) protects cells that have...

Which of the following is not a function of the inflammatory response?

Which of the following is not a function of the inflammatory response? A) prevents the spread of the injurious agent to nearby tissue B) replaces...

Which of the following does not respond to cell-mediated immunity?

Which of the following does not respond to cell-mediated immunity? A) infected cells B) some cancer cells C) foreign tissue transplants D) pathogens...

Which statement is true about T cells?

Which statement is true about T cells? A) They usually directly recognize antigens, which then activates a subpopulation of killer cells. B) T-Cells...

Which of the following is not a first line of defense?

Which of the following is not a first line of defense? A) IgA antibodies in sweat. B) The acid mantle of the skin. C) gut associated lymphoid tissue D)...

Innate immune system defenses include ________.

Innate immune system defenses include ________.  A) B cells B) T cells C) plasma cells D) phagocytosis Answer: D) phagocytos...

B cells respond to the initial antigen challenge by ________.

B cells respond to the initial antigen challenge by ________. A) reducing its size B) immediately producing antigen-specific antibodies C) forming...

Which of the following is not a method by which antibodies work?

Which of the following is not a method by which antibodies work? A) neutralizing antigen B) activating cytokines C) enhancing phagocytosis D) agglutinating...

Which of the following is associated with passive immunity?

Which of the following is associated with passive immunity? A) exposure to an antigen B) infusion of weakened viruses C) passage of IgG antibodies...

Which of the following is not a type of T cell?

Which of the following is not a type of T cell? A) cytotoxic B) antigenic C) helper D) regulator Answer: B) antigen...

The antibody molecule is held together by ________ bonds.

The antibody molecule is held together by ________ bonds. A) disulfide B) hydrogen C) amino acid D) sodium Answer: A) disulfi...

The primary immune response ________.

The primary immune response ________. A) occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the secondary response B) occurs when memory cells are stimulated C)...

Which of the following statements about Complement is false?

Which of the following statements about Complement is false?  A) Complement consists of a group of at least 20 plasma proteins that normally...

Which of the following is a part of the second line of defense against microorganisms?

Which of the following is a part of the second line of defense against microorganisms?  A) keratin B) cilia C) gastric juice D) phagocytes Answer: D)...

Select the correct statement about the function of antibodies.

Select the correct statement about the function of antibodies.  A) Antibodies may directly destroy "invaders." B) Neutralization is the process...

Cytotoxic T (TC) cells are like natural killer (NK) cells because they both

Cytotoxic T (TC) cells are like natural killer (NK) cells because they both  A) secrete interferons. B) secrete granzymes and perforin. C) participate...

Cancer cells and virus-infected body cells can be killed before activation of adaptive immunity by ________.

Cancer cells and virus-infected body cells can be killed before activation of adaptive immunity by ________.  A) natural killer cells B) T lymphocytes C)...

Antibody functions include all of the following except ________.

Antibody functions include all of the following except ________.  A) binding and inactivating chemical toxins released by bacteria or other microorganisms B)...

Phagocyte mobilization involves ________.

Phagocyte mobilization involves ________. A) diapedesis, during which cells line up against the capillary wall B) margination, which is the process...

Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease?

Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease?  A) multiple sclerosis B) type II diabetes C) systemic lupus erythematosus D) glomerulonephritis Answer: B)...

Select the correct statement about antigens.

Select the correct statement about antigens. A) "Self-antigens" is another name for incomplete antigens. B) The largest type of antigen is called...

Which of the following statements regarding NK cells is a false or incorrect statement?

Which of the following statements regarding NK cells is a false or incorrect statement? A) NK cells are a type of neutrophil. B) NK cells are present...

An activated _______ rapidly divides to form a clone of plasma cells, which produce antibodies and memory cells.

An activated _______ rapidly divides to form a clone of plasma cells, which produce antibodies and memory cells. A) antigen presenting cell B) T lymphocyte C)...

The redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to a local hyperemia caused by ________.

The redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to a local hyperemia caused by ________. A) vasodilation B) vasoconstriction C) phagocyte mobilization D)...

Which of the following is a first line of defense for the immune system?

Which of the following is a first line of defense for the immune system?  A) complementl proteins B) bronchiole associated lymphoid tissue C)...

Which of the following statements is incorrect or false?

Which of the following statements is incorrect or false? A) Fragments of endogenous antigens combine with MHC molecules outside of the infected cells. B)...

Complement proteins and antibodies coat a microorganism with C3b which enhances phagocytosis of the pathogen by neutrophils and macrophages. This phenomenon is termed ________.

Complement proteins and antibodies coat a microorganism with C3b which enhances phagocytosis of the pathogen by neutrophils and macrophages. This phenomenon...

The only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells are the ________.

The only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells are the ________. A) regulatory cells B) helper cells C) cytotoxic cells D) plasma...

In clonal selection of B cells, which substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become cloned?

In clonal selection of B cells, which substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become cloned? A) antigen B) interferon C)...

Interferons ________.

Interferons ________. A) are virus-specific, so that an interferon produced against one virus could not protect cells against another virus B) act...

Cytotoxic T cells ________.

Cytotoxic T cells ________.  A) are the only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells B) require the double recognition signal of...

Before B cells secrete antibodies they differentiate into

Before B cells secrete antibodies they differentiate into A) stem cells B) antigen-presenting cells. C) plasma cells. D) T cells. E) macrophages. Answer: C)...

______ predominate at the sites of chronic infections. These large cells, derived from monocytes, are the most voracious phagocytes.

______ predominate at the sites of chronic infections. These large cells, derived from monocytes, are the most voracious phagocytes. A) Basophils B)...

Which of the following is not characteristic of the adaptive immune system?

Which of the following is not characteristic of the adaptive immune system? A) It is antigen-specific. B) It is systemic. C) It has memory. D) It...

The process whereby neutrophils and other white blood cells are attracted to an inflammatory site is called ________.

The process whereby neutrophils and other white blood cells are attracted to an inflammatory site is called ________. A) diapedesis B) chemotaxis C)...

Helper T cells ________.

Helper T cells ________. A) bind tightly to target cells and release a lymphotoxin called perforin B) often function to decrease the immune response C)...

Which of the following is true of hypersensitivities?

Which of the following is true of hypersensitivities?  A) They occur when a person's Killer T-Cells attack their own tissues. B) They are are...

The antibody that acts as a receptor on the surface of B cell is

The antibody that acts as a receptor on the surface of B cell is A) IgA B) IgM C) IgE D) IgD Answer: D) I...

When inflamed, the ________ tonsils are also known as

When inflamed, the ________ tonsils are also known as  A) adenoids. B) palatine C) pharyngeal D) lingual E) adrenal Answer: C) pharyn...

Lymph is filtered and cleansed by the ________ before it is returned to the blood stream.

Lymph is filtered and cleansed by the ________ before it is returned to the blood stream.  A) spleen B) lymph nodes C) thymus D) tonsils Answer: B)...

The first step in a B-cell's defense against a microorganism is to

The first step in a B-cell's defense against a microorganism is to  A) recognize the antigen. B) bind to the antigen. C) secret antibodies. D)...

T cells achieve immunocompetence in

T cells achieve immunocompetence in  A) the bone marrow. B) the bloodstream. C) the spleen. D) the thymus. E) the liver. Answer: D) the...

The skin and mucous membranes can be considered as a ____________, a part of innate immunity.

The skin and mucous membranes can be considered as a ____________, a part of innate immunity.  A) mechanical barrier B) cellular mechanism C)...

________ are secreted by cells infected with viruses, alerting neighboring cells and protecting them from becoming infected.

________ are secreted by cells infected with viruses, alerting neighboring cells and protecting them from becoming infected.  A) Complement system...

The immunity that one receives from their mother both pre-natal and post-natal is referred to as

The immunity that one receives from their mother both pre-natal and post-natal is referred to as  A) passive natural. B) passive artificial. C)...

______, a localized response to infection, attracts leukocytes to the affected tissues to destroy the pathogens.

______, a localized response to infection, attracts leukocytes to the affected tissues to destroy the pathogens.  A) Fever B) Lysozyme release C)...

__________ are are white blood cells that stand guard against parasites and allergens.

__________ are are white blood cells that stand guard against parasites and allergens.  A) Monocytes B) Lymphocytes C) Basophils D) Neutrophils E)...

This is the class of immunoglobulin that provides passive immunity to the newborn.

This is the class of immunoglobulin that provides passive immunity to the newborn.  A) IgD B) IgE C) IgM D) IgA E) IgG Answer: D) I...

Before B cells secrete antibodies they differentiate into

Before B cells secrete antibodies they differentiate into A) stem cells. B) antigen-presenting cells. C) plasma cells. D) T cells. E) macrophages. Answer: C)...

____________ is not a cardinal sign characteristic of inflammation.

____________ is not a cardinal sign characteristic of inflammation. A) Impaired use B) Redness C) Pain D) Heat E) Swelling Answer: A) impaired...

A pyrogen is a substance that causes: inflammation.

A pyrogen is a substance that causes:inflammation. A) opsonization. B) complement fixation. C) cytolysis. D) fever. Answer: D) fev...

_________ kill bacteria via phagocytosis and digestion. The granules of these white blood cells produce a killing zone around them.

_________ kill bacteria via phagocytosis and digestion. The granules of these white blood cells produce a killing zone around them.  A) Neutrophils B)...

Vaccination stimulates:

Vaccination stimulates:  A) natural active immunity. B) artificial active immunity. C) natural passive immunity. D) artificial passive immunity. E)...

The antibody that is capable of crossing the placental barrier and is responsible for the Rh incompatibility between an Rh negative mother and an Rh positive fetus is

The antibody that is capable of crossing the placental barrier and is responsible for the Rh incompatibility between an Rh negative mother and an Rh...

The antibody primarily active in allergic responses and the activation of basophils is

The antibody primarily active in allergic responses and the activation of basophils is  A) IgA. B) IgM. C) IgE. D) IgD. Answer: C) I...

The enzyme found in tears, saliva, and nasal secretions that acts to destroy bacteria is __________.

The enzyme found in tears, saliva, and nasal secretions that acts to destroy bacteria is __________.  A) an interferon B) a lysozyme C) an antibody D)...

Helper T (TH) cells recognize antigens when they are bound to a(n)

Helper T (TH) cells recognize antigens when they are bound to a(n)  A) hapten. B) immunoglobulin. C) natural killer cell. D) major histocompatibility...

_______ are large phagocytic, pathogen-destroying cells in body tissues.

_______ are large phagocytic, pathogen-destroying cells in body tissues.  A) Macrophages B) Lymphocytes C) Eosinophils D) Plasma cells Answer: A)...

The antibody active in agglutination or clumping of antigens is that determine blood groups. This antipody is a pentamer and it is found in the blood and the lymph.

The antibody active in agglutination or clumping of antigens is that determine blood groups. This antipody is a pentamer and it is found in the blood...

______ occurs when an intravenous injection of antibodies, bsuch as gamma globulin is administered to someone as a treatment. The serum used for emergency treatment of snakebites is an example of this type of immunity.

______ occurs when an intravenous injection of antibodies, bsuch as gamma globulin is administered to someone as a treatment. The serum used for emergency...

An activated _______ rapidly divides to form a clone of plasma cells, which produce antibodies and memory cells.

An activated _______ rapidly divides to form a clone of plasma cells, which produce antibodies and memory cells. A) antigen presenting cell B) T lymphocyte C)...

What types of microbes live in the intestines?

What types of microbes live in the intestines? A) Diverse species of bacteria, archaea, and fungi, especially Bacteroides and Firmicutes bacteria B)...

Which of the following is NOT a way the normal microbiota of the intestine helps to prevent infection?

Which of the following is NOT a way the normal microbiota of the intestine helps to prevent infection? A) It produces acids that lower the pH of the...

Which of the following factors can lead to the reemergence of a disease?

Which of the following factors can lead to the reemergence of a disease? A) A mutation that allows it to infect humans B) A period of decline in vaccination...

The animals that are possible vectors of disease shown in the surprise boxes in lecture were?

The animals that are possible vectors of disease shown in the surprise boxes in lecture were? A) Fly's and Mice B) Spiders and Mice C) Mosquitos and...

Mercury is a toxic compound and is a problem in our environment. As a microbiologist you know that certain types of bacterial strains could be coerced into cleaning up our environment. What is this concept called?

Mercury is a toxic compound and is a problem in our environment. As a microbiologist you know that certain types of bacterial strains could be coerced...

Which of the following foods are known to possess some antimicrobial properties?

Which of the following foods are known to possess some antimicrobial properties? A) Garlic B) Rosemary C) Green Tea D) Honey E) All of the above Answer: E)...

Which of the following are methods of disease prevention?

Which of the following are methods of disease prevention? A) Bug nets over beds B) Electrolyte rehydration C) Quarantine D) C and B E) A and C Answer: E)...

Which of the following are routes of disease transmission?

Which of the following are routes of disease transmission? A) Mother to fetus B) Zoonosis C) Blood products D) All of the above E) None of the above Answer: D)...

In the acronym for antibiotic resistant microorganisms ESKAPE, the following letters represent which microorganism:

In the acronym for antibiotic resistant microorganisms ESKAPE, the following letters represent which microorganism: A) Proteus vulgaris B) Streptococcus...

In the acronym for antibiotic resistant microorganisms ESKAPE, the following letters represent which microorganism:

In the acronym for antibiotic resistant microorganisms ESKAPE, the following letters represent which microorganism: A) Salmonella typhimurium B) Streptococcus...

Which of the following microorganisms causes nosocomial infections?

Which of the following microorganisms causes nosocomial infections? A) Prevotella intermedia B) Salmonella enterica C) Agrobacterium tumefaciens D)...

Which of the following is the most common principal site of nosocomial infections?

Which of the following is the most common principal site of nosocomial infections? A) Bloodstream infections B) Lower respiratory infections C) Urinary...

A toxin that is a secreted protein that interferes with functions of the body is called an ________?

A toxin that is a secreted protein that interferes with functions of the body is called an ________? A) Intratoxin B) Endotoxin C) Exotoxin D) Intoxication Answer: C)...

Which of these virulence factors help bacteria scavenge iron from the host?

Which of these virulence factors help bacteria scavenge iron from the host? A) Siderophores B) B-lactamase C) Coagulase D) Catalase E) None of the...

Some pathogens produce this virulence factor to protect themselves from phagocytosis.

Some pathogens produce this virulence factor to protect themselves from phagocytosis. A) Siderophores B) Lactoferrin C) Coagulase D) Transferrin Answer: C)...

The Center for Disease Control collects which types of disease information?

The Center for Disease Control collects which types of disease information? A) Foodborne outbreaks B) Mortality rate C) Morbidity rate D) Health care...

Which of the following is an emerging infectious disease?

Which of the following is an emerging infectious disease? A) Rabies B) Salmonellosis C) Typhoid fever D) Tetanus E) Zika virus Answer: E) Zika...

Which of the following are examples of zoonotic diseases?

Which of the following are examples of zoonotic diseases? A) Gonorrhea B) AIDS C) Rabies D) Botulism E) Tetanus Answer: C) Rabi...

An infection throughout the whole body is called _______?

An infection throughout the whole body is called _______? A) Surface wound B) Local infection C) Systemic infection D) Spot infection E) None of the...

Normal microbiota protect the host by:

Normal microbiota protect the host by: A) Occupying niches that pathogens might occupy B) Degrading antibiotics C) Producing bacteriocins and/or acids D)...