Which of the following is an example of a semi specific, innate immune mechanisms associated with mucosal surfaces?

Which of the following is an example of a semi specific, innate immune mechanisms associated with mucosal surfaces?



a. secretory IgA prevents adhesion to mucosal surface
b. extravasation of neutrophils is triggered by specific signals
c. interferons produced by host will act on specific viruses in the mucosa
d. Toll-like receptors on host bind specific pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)
e. type of inflammation mounted varies with pathogen


Answer: d. Toll-like receptors on host bind specific pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)


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