Superantigens produce intense immune responses by stimulating lymphocytes to produce ___.

Superantigens produce intense immune responses by stimulating lymphocytes to produce ___.

A. endotoxins
B. exotoxins
C. cytokines
D. leukocidins
E. interferons


Answer: C. cytokines

Which non-specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

Which non-specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid? 

A) lysozyme — tears and saliva
B) mucociliary escalator — intestines
C) very acidic pH— stomach
D) keratin and tightly packed cells — skin
E) cerumen and sebum — ear



Answer: B) mucociliary escalator — intestines

Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial

Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial 

A) cell membrane.
B) capsule.
C) cell wall.
D) DNA.
E) ribosomes.


Answer: C) cell wall.

Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is FALSE?

A) C1 is the first protein activated in the classical pathway.
B) The C1 protein complex is initiated by antigenantibody complexes.
C) C3 is not involved in the classical pathway.
D) Cleaved fragments of some of the proteins act to increase inflammation.
E) C3b causes opsonization.


Answer: C) C3 is not involved in the classical pathway.