In immunology, the term "clonal selection" best refers to:
a. the multiple types of cells needed to generate an antigenic specific response
b. the ability of one B cell to produce multiple isotypes of antibodies
c. the ability of specific lymphocyte subsets to proliferate upon exposure to a specific epitope
d. the ability of memory cells to induce a quick secondary antibody response
e. the process of opsonization antigen for rapid phagocytic degradation
Answer: c. the ability of specific lymphocyte subsets to proliferate upon exposure to a specific epitope
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Microbiology Chapter 24
- A patient with recurring nut allergies enrolls in an experimental desensitization trail at the local allergy clinic; what should this patient expect?
- A 30-year old woman presented in the emergency room with hives all over her body. After a full examination it was determined that the zoo she had visited that morning caused the reaction. What was the most likely cause of this response?
- The binding of released histamine to a H1 (histamine 1) receptor during an allergic attack induces a proinflammatory state through which pathway(s)?
- Inhalation of allergenic pollen in a susceptible person causes the induction of what primary event triggering an allergy reaction?
- Regulation of complement destruction of normal body cells is controlled by:
- A mutation that caused a person to have an ineffective complement C6 protein would have a direct effect on formation of:
- Mycobacteria sp. have evolved a mechanism to evade adaptive immunity by:
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) takes up residence in what immune cell using which receptor(s)?
- An activated TC cell trying to kill off influenza infection in the lungs would:
- Staphylococcal exfoliative toxin (exoliatin A) reacts in the human body as a superantigen, intoxication with this means:
- The secondary signal needed from a T cell for a B cell to differentiate into a plasma cell, is the crosslink between:
- The secondary signal needed for TH0 helper cells to differentiate into either TH1 cells or TH2 cells is the crosslink between:
- A complete T-cell receptor on a helper T cell contains both the antigen binding receptor molecule and what other protein for signal transduction?
- Bacteremia is a condition where live bacteria enter the bloodstream, but not the cells of the body; which form of processing would occur to stimulate a cell-mediated immune response?
- Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by weakness of the skeletal muscles due to antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies; thymectomy is a successful treatment for this condition in some patients because it:
- Positive selection in T-cell education refers to:
- The antigen binding receptor expressing hepatitis antigen in an infected liver cell would be:
- Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial STD that lives intracellularly within human host cells; what immune response would most likely prevail in this infection?
- A Herpesviridae viral infection would most likely stimulate which immune cells for clearance of the infection?
- Anti-Streptococcus antibodies found in the serum of a patient during a primary antibody response differ from the antibodies produced during a secondary response to the same antigen because of:
- During the course of an intestinal infection with Salmonella enteritidis, the B cells undergo class switching; what switching is most likely to occur and what causes the switch?
- RAG1 and RAG2 are enzymes that control gene splicing on B-cell antibody genes, which order are segments worked on in the creation of the heavy-chain gene segment?
- Genes for the heavy-chain-antibody production consist of __________ segments, whereas genes for the light-chain-antibody production consist of __________ segments.
- An example of an antigen that could stimulate naïve B-cell proliferation and differentiation without the help of a T cell would be:
- Capping of B-cell receptors on the surface of an antigen-exposed B cell immediately causes what to occur?
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